{"id":1677,"date":"2016-01-24T00:01:41","date_gmt":"2016-01-23T22:01:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=1677"},"modified":"2017-07-25T09:54:11","modified_gmt":"2017-07-25T06:54:11","slug":"01-24-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-24-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01. La mitsva d\u2019\u00e9ducation"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u2019est une mitsva toranique que d\u2019enseigner la Torah aux enfants, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vous les enseignerez (v\u00e9-l<\/strong>im<\/strong>ad<\/strong>tem otam<\/em>) \u00e0 vos enfants\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 11, 19). Or le propos premier de l\u2019\u00e9tude, c\u2019est de garder et d\u2019accomplir tous les enseignements de la Torah, ainsi qu\u2019il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vous les[a]<\/a><\/sup> apprendrez (ou-lm<\/strong>ad<\/strong>tem otam<\/em>), et vous les garderez pour les accomplir\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 5, 1). Aussi nos sages disent-ils que, conjointement \u00e0 la mitsva d\u2019enseigner la Torah aux enfants, nous avons l\u2019obligation de les \u00e9duquer \u00e0 l\u2019accomplissement des commandements\u00a0; comment serait-il en effet possible de leur enseigner les mitsvot de la Torah sans les habituer \u00e0 les observer en pratique\u00a0? C\u2019est donc une obligation toranique que d\u2019enseigner la Torah aux enfants, et de les habituer, de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, \u00e0 l\u2019observance des mitsvot. Toutefois, les habituer \u00e0 l\u2019accomplissement en acte de chaque mitsva n\u2019est qu\u2019une obligation rabbinique.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 partir de quel \u00e2ge \u00e9duque-t-on l\u2019enfant \u00e0 accomplir les commandements \u00ab\u00a0positifs\u00a0\u00bb (mitsvot \u2018ass\u00e9<\/em>)[b]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0? \u00c0 partir du moment o\u00f9 il est capable de comprendre la mitsva dans ses aspects g\u00e9n\u00e9raux, et de l\u2019accomplir conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la halakha, chaque mitsva selon sa complexit\u00e9 et les difficult\u00e9s de son ex\u00e9cution. Par exemple, s\u2019agissant de la mitsva de porter les franges rituelles (tsitsit<\/em>), on y \u00e9duque le petit gar\u00e7on d\u00e8s qu\u2019il sait s\u2019envelopper dans le talith <\/em>auquel sont fix\u00e9s les tsitsit<\/em>, puis disposer deux tsitsit <\/em>devant lui et les deux autres derri\u00e8re, enfin r\u00e9citer la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction correspondante. En revanche, s\u2019agissant de mettre les t\u00e9philines<\/em>, dans la mesure o\u00f9 il faut veiller \u00e0 accomplir cette mitsva en \u00e9tant propre de corps, et prendre soin de ne pas en distraire sa pens\u00e9e, ce n\u2019est qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019approche de la bar-mitsva<\/em> que l\u2019on commence \u00e0 \u00e9duquer les gar\u00e7ons \u00e0 son accomplissement (Souka<\/em> 42a, Michna Beroura<\/em> 343, 3). Si nos ma\u00eetres disent que l\u2019\u00e2ge de l\u2019\u00e9ducation se situe approximativement \u00e0 six ou sept ans, c\u2019est parce qu\u2019\u00e0 cet \u00e2ge on commence \u00e0 enseigner aux enfants la Torah de mani\u00e8re plus approfondie, de sorte que c\u2019est aussi \u00e0 partir de cet \u00e2ge qu\u2019ils peuvent commencer \u00e0 pratiquer la majorit\u00e9 des mitsvot conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la halakha. De m\u00eame, en mati\u00e8re de b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions et de pri\u00e8res, l\u2019\u00e2ge de l\u2019\u00e9ducation se situe entre six et sept ans, car alors la majorit\u00e9 des enfants peuvent commencer d\u2019apprendre \u00e0 r\u00e9citer ces textes comme il convient. Toutefois, on commence \u00e0 les habituer \u00e0 r\u00e9citer les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions et \u00e0 prier quelque peu vers l\u2019\u00e2ge de trois ans, de m\u00eame que l\u2019on commence \u00e0 leur enseigner un peu de Torah depuis l\u2019\u00e2ge de trois ans (Baba Batra<\/em> 21a, Souka<\/em> 42a, Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh, Yor\u00e9 D\u00e9\u2019a<\/em> 245, 5).<\/p>\n

De la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on, on commence \u00e0 habituer les enfants \u00e0 entendre le Qidouch et la Havdala d\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e2ge de trois ans. Quand ensuite l\u2019enfant comprend la notion de Chabbat et peut participer au Qidouch et \u00e0 la Havdala conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la halakha, on veille \u00e0 ce qu\u2019il \u00e9coute leur r\u00e9citation comme il convient. S\u2019il n\u2019est pas pr\u00e9sent au moment o\u00f9 l\u2019on r\u00e9cite le Qidouch ou la Havdala, il accomplira lui-m\u00eame ces mitsvot.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[a]<\/a>. Dans les deux versets, le compl\u00e9ment d\u2019objet direct otam<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0les\u00a0\u00bb) se rapporte aux commandements. La tradition rabbinique l\u2019interpr\u00e8te comme se rapportant aux enseignements de la Torah<\/em> dans leur ensemble.<\/p>\n

[b]<\/a>. Mitsvot \u2018ass\u00e9<\/em>\u00a0: obligations de faire (mitsvot \u00ab\u00a0positives\u00a0\u00bb), par opposition aux mitsvot lo ta\u2019ass\u00e9<\/em>, obligations de ne pas faire, ou interdits (mitsvot \u00ab\u00a0n\u00e9gatives\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u2019est une mitsva toranique que d\u2019enseigner la Torah aux enfants, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vous les enseignerez (v\u00e9-limadtem otam) \u00e0 vos enfants\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 11, 19). Or le propos premier de l\u2019\u00e9tude, c\u2019est de garder et d\u2019accomplir tous les enseignements de la Torah, ainsi qu\u2019il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vous les[a] apprendrez (ou-lmadtem otam), et vous les garderez […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-24"],"yoast_head":"\n01. La mitsva d\u2019\u00e9ducation - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-24-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"01. La mitsva d\u2019\u00e9ducation - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C\u2019est une mitsva toranique que d\u2019enseigner la Torah aux enfants, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vous les enseignerez (v\u00e9-limadtem otam) \u00e0 vos enfants\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 11, 19). Or le propos premier de l\u2019\u00e9tude, c\u2019est de garder et d\u2019accomplir tous les enseignements de la Torah, ainsi qu\u2019il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vous les[a] apprendrez (ou-lmadtem otam), et vous les garderez […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-24-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-23T22:01:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-07-25T06:54:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-24-01\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-24-01\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\"},\"headline\":\"01. 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