{"id":1716,"date":"2016-01-26T00:01:34","date_gmt":"2016-01-25T22:01:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=1716"},"modified":"2017-07-25T10:47:40","modified_gmt":"2017-07-25T07:47:40","slug":"01-26-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-26-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01. L\u2019interdit de tirer profit d\u2019un travail effectu\u00e9 pendant Chabbat\u00a0: g\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

La Torah nous ordonne de ne point ex\u00e9cuter de travaux (m\u00e9lakha<\/em>, plur. m\u00e9lakhot<\/em>) le jour de Chabbat. Les sages ajoutent \u00e0 cela une haie protectrice en interdisant de profiter, le Chabbat, d\u2019une m\u00e9lakha <\/em>qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 accomplie pendant ce jour\u00a0; il ne convient pas, en effet, de jouir, pendant Chabbat, d\u2019une chose qui est le produit d\u2019une profanation du saint jour. Peu importe que la m\u00e9lakha<\/em> ait \u00e9t\u00e9 faite par inadvertance (b\u00e9-chogueg<\/em>)[a]<\/a><\/sup> ou en toute conscience (b\u00e9-m\u00e9zid<\/em>)[b]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0: en tout \u00e9tat de cause, il est interdit \u00e0 tout Juif d\u2019en jouir pendant le reste du Chabbat o\u00f9 elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e. Certains pensent toutefois que, si la m\u00e9lakha<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite par inadvertance, il est permis d\u2019en tirer profit. Selon certains d\u00e9cisionnaires, on peut s\u2019appuyer sur cette opinion en cas de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pressante (comme nous le verrons au paragraphe suivant). \u00c0 l\u2019issue du Chabbat, il est permis \u00e0 tout Juif de tirer profit de la m\u00e9lakha<\/em> ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e pendant ce jour, \u00e0 l\u2019exception de celui qui l\u2019aurait accomplie en toute conscience\u00a0: \u00e0 lui, il sera pour toujours interdit d\u2019en tirer profit (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 318, 1\u00a0; cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, \u00a7 7).<\/p>\n

Si un petit enfant a accompli une m\u00e9lakha <\/em>pendant Chabbat\u00a0: quand il l\u2019a accomplie pour r\u00e9pondre au besoin d\u2019un adulte, il sera interdit d\u2019en tirer profit le Chabbat, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019issue de ce jour, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 expiration du temps qui e\u00fbt \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de cette m\u00eame m\u00e9lakha<\/em>\u00a0; mais s\u2019il l\u2019a accomplie pour ses propres besoins, il sera permis \u00e0 un adulte d\u2019en tirer profit pendant Chabbat (cf. ci-dessus chap. 24 \u00a7 4).<\/p>\n

Si un non-Juif a accompli une m\u00e9lakha <\/em>pendant Chabbat \u00e0 l\u2019intention d\u2019un Juif, il sera interdit d\u2019en tirer profit jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que le Chabbat s\u2019ach\u00e8ve, puis que le temps qui serait n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 son accomplissement s\u2019\u00e9coule. Cela, afin de ne point profiter d\u2019un ouvrage ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 pendant Chabbat, et de ne rien gagner \u00e0 ce qu\u2019a fait le non-Juif pendant Chabbat (cf. ci-dessus, chap. 25, 1, note 2). Mais si le non-Juif a fait cette m\u00e9lakha<\/em> pour lui-m\u00eame, il sera permis au Juif d\u2019en jouir, m\u00eame pendant le Chabbat (chap. 25 \u00a7 2). Dans certains cas, il est permis de demander allusivement \u00e0 un non-Juif de faire telle m\u00e9lakha<\/em> pendant le Chabbat\u00a0; ces r\u00e8gles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9es plus haut (chap. 25 \u00a7 3). Pour les n\u00e9cessit\u00e9s d\u2019une mitsva, ou pour \u00e9viter une souffrance, ou encore une perte, nos sages permettent de demander au non-Juif de faire une m\u00e9lakha<\/em> interdite rabbiniquement (25 \u00a7 4).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[a]<\/a>. B\u00e9-chogueg<\/em>\u00a0: par inadvertance, mais non sans intentionnalit\u00e9, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que l\u2019on a l\u2019intention de faire l\u2019acte que l\u2019on fait, mais que l\u2019on ignore, ou que l\u2019on oublie, qu\u2019il est interdit le Chabbat\u00a0; ou encore, on ignore ou l\u2019on oublie qu\u2019aujourd\u2019hui c\u2019est Chabbat.<\/p>\n

[b]<\/a>. B\u00e9-m\u00e9zid<\/em> : de propos d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9. L\u2019intention porte, non seulement sur le fait d\u2019accomplir tel acte mat\u00e9riellement, mais encore sur le fait de l\u2019accomplir bien qu\u2019il soit interdit<\/em>. Car celui qui agit b\u00e9-m\u00e9zid<\/em> sait qu\u2019aujourd\u2019hui est jour de Chabbat, et que l\u2019acte qu\u2019il accomplit est une m\u00e9lakha<\/em> interdite.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Torah nous ordonne de ne point ex\u00e9cuter de travaux (m\u00e9lakha, plur. m\u00e9lakhot) le jour de Chabbat. Les sages ajoutent \u00e0 cela une haie protectrice en interdisant de profiter, le Chabbat, d\u2019une m\u00e9lakha qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 accomplie pendant ce jour\u00a0; il ne convient pas, en effet, de jouir, pendant Chabbat, d\u2019une chose qui est le […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-26"],"yoast_head":"\n01. 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