{"id":1874,"date":"2016-05-10T00:02:57","date_gmt":"2016-05-09T21:02:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=1874"},"modified":"2018-03-18T12:35:44","modified_gmt":"2018-03-18T10:35:44","slug":"05-10-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/05-10-02\/","title":{"rendered":"02. Principes du je\u00fbne"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Il existe trois diff\u00e9rences halakhiques entre le je\u00fbne du 9 av et les je\u00fbnes courts\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le je\u00fbne du 9 av se prolonge une journ\u00e9e enti\u00e8re, du coucher du soleil \u00e0 la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit du lendemain\u00a0; tandis que les autres je\u00fbnes n\u2019ont cours que de jour, de l\u2019aube \u00e0 la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit.<\/li>\n<li>Pendant le je\u00fbne du 9 av, on s\u2019impose l\u2019ensemble des cinq mortifications que sont\u00a0: a) l\u2019interdit de manger et de boire\u00a0; b) l\u2019interdit de se laver\u00a0; c) celui de s\u2019oindre\u00a0; d) celui de porter des chaussures de cuir\u00a0; e) l\u2019interdit des rapports conjugaux. Pendant les je\u00fbnes courts, en revanche, seul le fait de manger et de boire est interdit.<\/li>\n<li>Seuls les malades sont dispens\u00e9s du je\u00fbne du 9 av, tandis que, pour les je\u00fbnes courts, les femmes enceintes et celles qui allaitent le sont aussi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, le je\u00fbne du 9 av est semblable \u00e0 celui de Kipour\u00a0: tout ce que les sages ont prescrit quant au 9 av, c\u2019est \u00e0 l\u2019exemple de ce que la Torah nous ordonne \u00e0 Kipour qu\u2019ils l\u2019ont prescrit. \u00c0 ce titre, figure l\u2019obligation de s\u2019imposer les cinq mortifications cit\u00e9es ci-dessus. Toutefois, puisque le je\u00fbne du 9 av est d\u2019institution rabbinique, ses r\u00e8gles sont plus indulgentes que celles de Kipour, principalement \u00e0 deux \u00e9gards\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les sages n\u2019ont pas impos\u00e9 aux malades de je\u00fbner le 9 av, tandis qu\u2019ils y sont oblig\u00e9s \u00e0 Kipour\u00a0: ce n\u2019est que dans le cas o\u00f9 le je\u00fbne risque de mettre en danger la vie du malade que celui-ci est dispens\u00e9 de je\u00fbner \u00e0 Kipour.<\/li>\n<li>En tout cas de doute, il y a lieu d\u2019\u00eatre rigoureux \u00e0 Kipour, tandis qu\u2019on peut \u00eatre indulgent le 9 av. Telle est en effet la r\u00e8gle\u00a0: en tout cas de doute portant sur une norme toranique, il y a lieu d\u2019\u00eatre rigoureux, tandis qu\u2019en cas de doute portant sur une norme rabbinique, la halakha est conforme \u00e0 la position indulgente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cependant, \u00e0 un \u00e9gard, le je\u00fbne du 9 av est plus rigoureux que celui de Kipour\u00a0: le 9 av, il y a \u00e9galement une obligation de deuil\u00a0; aussi, on s\u2019assied sur le sol, on ne se salue pas l\u2019un l\u2019autre, on cr\u00e9e de la p\u00e9nombre durant la nuit, et il est interdit d\u2019\u00e9tudier un sujet de Torah qui soit r\u00e9jouissant. Le jour de Kipour, en revanche, on a seulement l\u2019obligation de se mortifier, mais, en dehors des cinq mortifications susmentionn\u00e9es, ce jour est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme jour de f\u00eate, et l\u2019on rev\u00eat de beaux v\u00eatements, on s\u2019assoit sur des si\u00e8ges, on chante, on se salue l\u2019un l\u2019autre, et bien s\u00fbr on se livre sans limite \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de la Torah. (Sans qu\u2019il y ait l\u00e0 de lien avec quelque mortification, il est aussi interdit, \u00e0 Kipour, d\u2019accomplir des travaux, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 toutes les lois de Chabbat.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il existe trois diff\u00e9rences halakhiques entre le je\u00fbne du 9 av et les je\u00fbnes courts\u00a0: Le je\u00fbne du 9 av se prolonge une journ\u00e9e enti\u00e8re, du coucher du soleil \u00e0 la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit du lendemain\u00a0; tandis que les autres je\u00fbnes n\u2019ont cours que de jour, de l\u2019aube \u00e0 la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[112],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-05-10"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>02. Principes du je\u00fbne - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/05-10-02\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"02. 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