{"id":1892,"date":"2016-05-10T00:11:41","date_gmt":"2016-05-09T21:11:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=1892"},"modified":"2018-03-18T12:40:20","modified_gmt":"2018-03-18T10:40:20","slug":"05-10-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/05-10-11\/","title":{"rendered":"11. Se dire bonjour (chalom<\/em>)"},"content":{"rendered":"

De m\u00eame qu\u2019il est interdit aux endeuill\u00e9s de se dire bonjour (\u00ab\u00a0chalom<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh, Yor\u00e9 D\u00e9\u2019a<\/em> 385), on ne se salue pas de cette mani\u00e8re le 9 av (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh, Ora\u2019h \u2018Ha\u00efm<\/em> 554, 20). De m\u00eame qu\u2019un endeuill\u00e9, qui a perdu l\u2019un de ses proches, n\u2019est pas en paix (chalom<\/em>), de m\u00eame, le 9 av, nous ne sommes pas en paix mais en deuil, en raison de la destruction de notre Temple.<\/p>\n

On doit \u00eatre particuli\u00e8rement attentif \u00e0 cela entre \u00e9tudiants de Torah, qui savent la halakha. Cependant, quand une personne qui ne conna\u00eet pas la halakha nous adresse son bonjour, on lui r\u00e9pond \u00e0 voix basse, la mine grave, comme quelqu\u2019un qui est pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la pens\u00e9e du deuil et de la peine, mais sans l\u2019ombre d\u2019une vexation. Si celui qui nous adresse son bonjour est une personne qui d\u00e9sire apprendre la Torah, et qu\u2019il n\u2019est pas \u00e0 craindre qu\u2019il se froisse, on lui explique qu\u2019on ne se salue pas \u00e0 tich\u2019a b\u00e9-av<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Selon la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisionnaires, il est non seulement interdit de se dire chalom<\/em>, mais aussi boqer tov<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0bonne matin\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0 ou \u2018erev tov<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0bonsoir\u00a0\u00bb) (Michna Beroura<\/em> 554, 41, Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 90). Selon certains d\u00e9cisionnaires, cependant, seul le fait de dire chalom<\/em> est interdit, tandis qu\u2019il est permis de dire boqer tov<\/em> ou d\u2019autres formules de ce genre (L\u00e9qet Yocher<\/em>). Nous l\u2019avons dit, en cas de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, pour ne pas vexer son prochain, il est permis de r\u00e9pondre chalom<\/em>\u00a0; or, puisque certains auteurs pensent qu\u2019il n\u2019est pas interdit de dire boqer tov<\/em> ou \u2018erev tov<\/em>, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable, au cas o\u00f9 l\u2019on doit r\u00e9pondre au chalom<\/em> de son prochain, d\u2019utiliser l\u2019une de ces formules plut\u00f4t que de r\u00e9pondre chalom<\/em>[15]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Si l\u2019on rencontre une connaissance qui vient de se marier, ou d\u2019avoir un enfant, on est autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 lui adresser son mazal tov<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0bonne chance\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0; en effet, b\u00e9nir autrui n\u2019est pas interdit comme l\u2019est le fait de le saluer (Pisq\u00e9 Techouvot<\/em> 554, 19). M\u00eame le fait de se serrer la main n\u2019est pas compris dans l\u2019interdit de se saluer (Har Tsvi, Yor\u00e9 D\u00e9\u2019a<\/em> 290).<\/p>\n

De m\u00eame que l\u2019on n\u2019adresse pas son chalom<\/em> \u00e0 autrui, on n\u2019envoie pas de cadeaux, le 9 av (Michna Beroura<\/em> 554, 41). En revanche, faire un don au titre de la bienfaisance (ts\u00e9daqa<\/em>) n\u2019est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un cadeau\u00a0; aussi est-il permis \u2013 c\u2019est m\u00eame une mitsva \u2013 d\u2019envoyer de la nourriture aux n\u00e9cessiteux, afin qu\u2019ils aient de quoi manger \u00e0 l\u2019issue du je\u00fbne (cf. Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 554, 91).<\/p>\n

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\n[15]<\/a>. Tossefta Ta\u2019anit<\/em> 3, 11\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0On n\u2019adresse pas son chalom <\/em>\u00e0 ses camarades (\u2018haverim<\/em>), le 9 av\u00a0; \u00e0 un profane (hediot<\/em>), on r\u00e9pond \u00e0 voix basse.\u00a0\u00bb Certains comprennent de ce passage que l\u2019interdit ne s\u2019applique qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des disciples des sages (talmid\u00e9 \u2018hakhamim), <\/em>car \u00e0 eux s\u2019applique l\u2019appellation \u00ab\u00a0camarades\u00a0\u00bb, \u2018haverim<\/em>. C\u2019est ce que laisse entendre Ma\u00efmonide, tel que le comprend le Ba\u00eft \u2018Hadach<\/em>. Toutefois, le Mordekhi sur Mo\u2019ed Qatan<\/em> 895, reproduit une autre version de cette tossefta<\/em>\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0On n\u2019adresse pas son chalom<\/em> \u00e0 son prochain (\u2018havero<\/em>)\u00a0\u00bb. C\u2019est en ce second sens que tranche le Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh <\/em>554, 20, pour qui l\u2019on ne se dit pas chalom<\/em> les uns aux autres, le 9 av. Quant \u00e0 celui qui ignore la r\u00e8gle, on lui r\u00e9pond \u00e0 voix basse. C\u2019est aussi ce qu\u2019\u00e9crivent presque tous les A\u2019haronim. Quoi qu\u2019il en soit, comme nous le voyons ci-dessus, il n\u2019y a pas lieu de reprendre le profane, puisque, selon certains auteurs, l\u2019interdit d\u2019adresser son bonjour ne s\u2019applique pas \u00e0 son \u00e9gard. Cf. Hilkhot \u2018Hag Be\u2019hag<\/em> 7, note 72, Torat Hamo\u2019adim<\/em> 8, 22.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De m\u00eame qu\u2019il est interdit aux endeuill\u00e9s de se dire bonjour (\u00ab\u00a0chalom\u00a0\u00bb, Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh, Yor\u00e9 D\u00e9\u2019a 385), on ne se salue pas de cette mani\u00e8re le 9 av (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh, Ora\u2019h \u2018Ha\u00efm 554, 20). De m\u00eame qu\u2019un endeuill\u00e9, qui a perdu l\u2019un de ses proches, n\u2019est pas en paix (chalom), de m\u00eame, le 9 av, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[112],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-05-10"],"yoast_head":"\n11. 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