{"id":1964,"date":"2016-05-02T00:04:30","date_gmt":"2016-05-01T21:04:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=1964"},"modified":"2018-03-15T12:45:03","modified_gmt":"2018-03-15T10:45:03","slug":"05-02-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/05-02-04\/","title":{"rendered":"04. Statut de la mitsva apr\u00e8s la destruction du Temple"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019une des questions essentielles, quant aux lois du compte de l\u2019<em>omer<\/em>, est de savoir si, apr\u00e8s la destruction du Temple, la mitsva de compter l\u2019<em>omer<\/em> reste de rang toranique ou prend le rang rabbinique.<\/p>\n<p>Il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vous compterez, depuis le lendemain du Chabbat, du jour o\u00f9 vous apporterez la gerbe du balancement, sept semaines, qui seront enti\u00e8res\u00a0\u00bb (Lv 23, 15).\u00a0Selon le Roch, le Ran et de nombreux autres Richonim, ce n\u2019est qu\u2019\u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 l\u2019on apportait la gerbe du balancement au Temple, le 16 nissan, qu\u2019il y avait une mitsva toranique de compter l\u2019<em>omer<\/em>. De nos jours, en revanche, o\u00f9 l\u2019on n\u2019apporte plus la gerbe du balancement, la mitsva n\u2019est que de rang rabbinique\u00a0: ce sont les sages qui l\u2019ont institu\u00e9e, en souvenir du compte de l\u2019<em>omer<\/em> qui se faisait \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque du Temple. C\u2019est la raison pour laquelle on a coutume de prier, apr\u00e8s le compte de l\u2019<em>omer<\/em>, pour la reconstruction du Temple\u00a0: en effet, lorsque le Temple sera reconstruit, nous accomplirons la mitsva de compter l\u2019<em>omer<\/em> en tant que commandement de la Torah, et non plus seulement en vertu d\u2019une institution rabbinique.<\/p>\n<p>Mais selon Ma\u00efmonide et le Raavia, la mention du jour de l\u2019oblation de la gerbe, dans ce verset du L\u00e9vitique, a seulement pour propos de nous apprendre la <em>date<\/em> \u00e0 laquelle commence le compte\u00a0; mais cette oblation n\u2019est pas une <em>condition <\/em>indispensable au compte, et de nos jours encore, alors que le Temple est d\u00e9truit et que nous ne pouvons apporter l\u2019offrande de la gerbe, c\u2019est une mitsva toranique que de compter l\u2019<em>omer<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019incidence pratique de cette r\u00e8gle touche aux cas de doute. Par exemple, si l\u2019on a compt\u00e9 l\u2019<em>omer<\/em> pendant la p\u00e9riode de <em>bein hachmachot<\/em>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire entre le coucher du soleil et la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit, p\u00e9riode douteuse \u2013 appartient-elle au jour ou \u00e0 la nuit\u00a0? \u2013, un doute plane quant au fait de savoir si l\u2019on a valablement accompli la mitsva du compte. En effet, si l\u2019on devait rattacher la p\u00e9riode de <em>bein hachmachot<\/em> au jour, on n\u2019aurait pas accompli la mitsva, puisque le temps prescrit pour le compte de la journ\u00e9e suivante n\u2019\u00e9tait pas encore advenu\u00a0; mais si l\u2019on devait consid\u00e9rer cette p\u00e9riode comme appartenant \u00e0 la nuit, on aurait accompli la mitsva. Le <em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 489, 2 et la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisionnaires pensent que, si l\u2019on a compt\u00e9 l\u2019<em>omer<\/em> pendant <em>bein hachmachot<\/em>, on s\u2019est acquitt\u00e9 de son obligation. En effet, selon eux, le compte de l\u2019<em>omer<\/em> est, de nos jours, une mitsva rabbinique\u00a0; or, en tout cas de doute portant sur une norme rabbinique, on adopte la position indulgente. Toutefois, de nombreux A\u2019haronim \u00e9crivent que, en pratique, il est juste d\u2019\u00eatre rigoureux, et de r\u00e9p\u00e9ter le compte, apr\u00e8s la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit (<em>tset hakokhavim<\/em>, \u00ab apparition des \u00e9toiles\u00a0\u00bb), sans r\u00e9p\u00e9ter la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction\u00a0; cela, afin de s\u2019acquitter de son obligation de l\u2019avis m\u00eame de ceux qui estiment que compter l\u2019<em>omer<\/em> reste, de nos jours, une mitsva de la Torah, de sorte que, en cas de doute, on doit adopter la position rigoureuse (<em>Elya Rabba<\/em>, <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 489, 15, <em>B\u00e9our Halakha<\/em> 489, 1, passage commen\u00e7ant par <em>Lispor ha\u2019omer<\/em>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019une des questions essentielles, quant aux lois du compte de l\u2019omer, est de savoir si, apr\u00e8s la destruction du Temple, la mitsva de compter l\u2019omer reste de rang toranique ou prend le rang rabbinique. Il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vous compterez, depuis le lendemain du Chabbat, du jour o\u00f9 vous apporterez la gerbe du balancement, sept semaines, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-05-02"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>04. 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Il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vous compterez, depuis le lendemain du Chabbat, du jour o\u00f9 vous apporterez la gerbe du balancement, sept semaines, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/05-02-04\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-05-01T21:04:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-03-15T10:45:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/05-02-04\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/05-02-04\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\"},\"headline\":\"04. 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