{"id":2131,"date":"2016-02-15T00:01:50","date_gmt":"2016-02-14T22:01:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=2131"},"modified":"2017-08-13T11:27:31","modified_gmt":"2017-08-13T08:27:31","slug":"02-15-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-15-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01 \u2013 L\u2019obligation de lire le Ch\u00e9ma Isra\u00ebl"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u2019est une obligation positive de la Torah que de lire le Ch\u00e9ma Isra\u00ebl la nuit et le matin, comme il est dit\u00a0(Dt 6, 7)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ces paroles\u2026 tu les diras\u2026 \u00e0 ton coucher et \u00e0 ton lever.\u00a0\u00bb L\u2019expression \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 ton coucher\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9signe la nuit, \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 ton lever\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9signe le matin.<\/p>\n

Nous lisons trois paragraphes (paracha<\/em>, pluriel parachot <\/em>ou parachiot<\/em>). Le premier paragraphe, Ch\u00e9ma<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Ecoute, Isra\u00ebl, l\u2019Eternel est notre Dieu, l\u2019Eternel est Un\u2026\u00a0\u00bb, Dt 6, 4-9) contient les notions de r\u00e9ception du joug de la royaut\u00e9 du Ciel, d\u2019unit\u00e9 de Dieu et d\u2019amour de Dieu. Par le deuxi\u00e8me paragraphe, V\u00e9haya im chamoa<\/em>\u00a0(\u00ab\u00a0Il adviendra que, si tu \u00e9coutes attentivement mes commandements\u2026\u00a0\u00bb, Dt 11, 13-21), nous recevons le joug des commandements (les mitsvot). Le troisi\u00e8me paragraphe, Vayomer<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Eternel parla \u00e0 Mo\u00efse en ces termes\u2026\u00a0\u00bb, Nb 15, 37-41) nous enjoint de nous souvenir des mitsvot par le biais du commandement des tsitsit (les franges rituelles)\u00a0et rappelle, en conclusion, la sortie d\u2019Egypte.<\/p>\n

Les sages ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que le paragraphe Ch\u00e9ma<\/em>\u00a0devait pr\u00e9c\u00e9der le paragraphe V\u00e9haya im chamoa<\/em>, afin que l\u2019on prenne d\u2019abord sur soi le joug de la royaut\u00e9 du Ciel, puis le joug des commandements. Ils ont aussi d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que le paragraphe V\u00e9haya im chamoa<\/em>, qui traite de l\u2019obligation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d\u2019observer tous les commandements, aussi bien ceux qui sont prescrits le jour que ceux qui sont prescrits le soir, pr\u00e9c\u00e9derait le paragraphe Vayomer<\/em>, qui\u00a0 traite du commandement des tsitsit, lequel n\u2019est prescrit que le jour (Berakhot <\/em>13a).<\/p>\n

De l\u2019avis de certains Richonim, l\u2019obligation proprement toranique consiste seulement \u00e0 lire le premier verset du premier paragraphe\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ch\u00e9ma Isra\u00ebl, Ado-na\u00ef Elo-h\u00e9nou, Ado-na\u00ef E\u2019had\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb, car c\u2019est \u00e0 propos de ce verset qu\u2019il est \u00e9crit (Dt 6, 6-7)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ces paroles que Je te prescris en ce jour seront en ton c\u0153ur\u2026 Tu les diras\u2026 \u00e0 ton coucher et \u00e0 ton lever.\u00a0\u00bb Les sages ont, quant \u00e0 eux, institu\u00e9 la lecture des trois paragraphes.<\/p>\n

On peut dire qu\u2019en effet, l\u2019aspect essentiel de la mitsva consiste \u00e0 prendre sur soi le joug de la royaut\u00e9 du Ciel, et qu\u2019\u00e0 cette fin, celui qui lit le seul premier verset accomplit la mitsva, telle que la Torah le lui prescrit. Cependant, plus on s\u2019\u00e9tend sur la r\u00e9ception du joug de la royaut\u00e9 du Ciel, plus parfaitement on accomplit la mitsva de la Torah. Aussi, les sages ont-ils institu\u00e9 la lecture des trois paragraphes, dans lesquels apparaissent les principes de la foi, de la r\u00e9ception du joug des commandements, ainsi que du souvenir des commandements par le biais des tsitsit. Il appara\u00eet donc qu\u2019en pratique, nous accomplissons une mitsva de la Torah elle-m\u00eame en lisant les paragraphes du Ch\u00e9ma[1]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[1]<\/a>. La question est\u00a0de savoir \u00e0 quoi s\u2019applique l\u2019obligation\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Tu les diras\u2026 \u00e0 ton coucher et \u00e0 ton lever\u00a0\u00bb. Selon Ma\u00efmonide, Rabbi Aharon Hal\u00e9vi (S\u00e9fer Ha\u2019hinoukh<\/em>), le Rachba, le Ritva, le M\u00e9\u00efri, le Rachbats, Rabbi Yehouda H\u00e9\u2019hassid et le Beit Yossef<\/em> 46, 9, l\u2019obligation concerne le premier verset seulement. C\u2019est aussi ce que laisse entendre le Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 63, 4 lorsqu\u2019il dit que seule la lecture de ce verset se trouve invalid\u00e9e par l\u2019absence de kavana<\/em>. Selon les \u00e9l\u00e8ves de Rabb\u00e9nou Yona et le S\u00e9fer Yere\u00efm<\/em>, la mitsva se rapporte \u00e0 tout le premier paragraphe\u00a0; en revanche, lorsque, dans le paragraphe V\u00e9haya im chamoa<\/em>, la Torah emploie les mots \u00ab en en parlant\u2026 \u00e0 ton coucher et \u00e0 ton lever\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 11, 19), ce qui est vis\u00e9 est le commandement d\u2019\u00e9tudier la Torah<\/em> de jour et de nuit. Selon le Peri \u2018Hadach<\/em>, la lecture des deux premiers paragraphes est d\u2019obligation toranique. Cf. Yabia\u2019 Omer<\/em> VIII 6, 4. Le \u2018<\/em>Aroukh Hachoul\u2019han<\/em> conclut, en se fondant sur plusieurs Richonim, que les trois paragraphes sont d\u2019obligation toranique. Le Mabit (Rabbi Moch\u00e9 ben Yossef di Trani), dans son ouvrage Qiryat S\u00e9fer<\/em>, compare la lecture du Ch\u00e9ma \u00e0 la mitsva d\u2019\u00e9tudier la Torah : celui qui apprend un verset accomplit par ce seul fait la mitsva d\u2019\u00e9tudier la Torah\u00a0; mais il n\u2019en reste pas moins que plus on \u00e9tudie, plus on accomplit la mitsva d\u2019\u00e9tudier ; ainsi de la lecture du Ch\u00e9ma. Le Yad Pechouta<\/em>, dans son introduction aux lois de la lecture du Ch\u00e9ma, donne une explication comparable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u2019est une obligation positive de la Torah que de lire le Ch\u00e9ma Isra\u00ebl la nuit et le matin, comme il est dit\u00a0(Dt 6, 7)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ces paroles\u2026 tu les diras\u2026 \u00e0 ton coucher et \u00e0 ton lever.\u00a0\u00bb L\u2019expression \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 ton coucher\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9signe la nuit, \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 ton lever\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9signe le matin. Nous lisons trois paragraphes (paracha, pluriel […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[122],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-02-15"],"yoast_head":"\n01 \u2013 L\u2019obligation de lire le Ch\u00e9ma Isra\u00ebl - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-15-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"01 \u2013 L\u2019obligation de lire le Ch\u00e9ma Isra\u00ebl - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C\u2019est une obligation positive de la Torah que de lire le Ch\u00e9ma Isra\u00ebl la nuit et le matin, comme il est dit\u00a0(Dt 6, 7)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ces paroles\u2026 tu les diras\u2026 \u00e0 ton coucher et \u00e0 ton lever.\u00a0\u00bb L\u2019expression \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 ton coucher\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9signe la nuit, \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 ton lever\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9signe le matin. 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