{"id":2218,"date":"2016-02-20T00:02:55","date_gmt":"2016-02-19T22:02:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=2218"},"modified":"2017-08-14T10:21:48","modified_gmt":"2017-08-14T07:21:48","slug":"02-20-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-20-02\/","title":{"rendered":"02 \u2013 La <em>kavana<\/em> de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e des Isra\u00e9lites durant la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pendant la <em>Birkat Cohanim<\/em>, chaque fid\u00e8le isra\u00e9lite doit se tenir face aux Cohanim, en concentrant son attention sur la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction, sans regarder les Cohanim ni quoi que ce soit, afin de ne pas d\u00e9tourner son esprit de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 128, 23\u00a0; <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 89)<sup><a href='#_te01ftn20_1' id='_te01ftnref20_1' class='aup1'>[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Nos sages ont d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 que, lorsqu\u2019un Cohen est affect\u00e9 d\u2019une anomalie physique telle qu\u2019elle pourrait conduire certains fid\u00e8les \u00e0 le contempler et \u00e0 ne plus appliquer leur esprit \u00e0 la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction, ce Cohen ne se joint pas \u00e0 la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction des pr\u00eatres. Aussi, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque o\u00f9 les Cohanim n\u2019avaient pas encore l\u2019usage de recouvrir de leurs taliths leurs visages et leurs mains, un Cohen affect\u00e9 d\u2019un d\u00e9faut au visage ou aux mains \u2013 \u00a0tel qu\u2019une clart\u00e9 inhabituelle de l\u2019\u00e9piderme, ou des doigts courb\u00e9s \u2013 ne montait pas sur l\u2019estrade. Mais de nos jours o\u00f9 tous les Cohanim ont coutume de recouvrir de leurs taliths leurs visages et leurs mains, un d\u00e9faut qui affecterait le visage o\u00f9 les mains d\u2019un Cohen n\u2019emp\u00eache plus celui-ci de se joindre \u00e0 la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction. En revanche, si un d\u00e9faut visible affecte la jambe d\u2019un Cohen, il ne participe pas, m\u00eame aujourd\u2019hui, \u00e0 la <em>Birkat Cohanim<\/em>, de crainte que cela ne d\u00e9tourne l\u2019attention des fid\u00e8les. Toutefois, s\u2019il r\u00e9side de fa\u00e7on permanente dans le voisinage de la communaut\u00e9, si bien que son d\u00e9faut n\u2019excite plus la curiosit\u00e9 des gens, ce Cohen peut monter sur l\u2019estrade, puisque la chose n\u2019est vraisemblablement pas susceptible d\u2019attirer l\u2019attention des fid\u00e8les (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 30, 31).<\/p>\n<p>De m\u00eame, si l\u2019on poss\u00e8de une prononciation inhabituelle, par exemple si l\u2019on prononce la lettre <em>aleph<\/em> (non gutturale) en la confondant avec le <em>\u2018ayin<\/em> (guttural), on ne participe pas \u00e0 la <em>Birkat Cohanim<\/em>, car la chose est susceptible de d\u00e9tourner de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction l\u2019attention des auditeurs. Mais si l\u2019on a une prononciation habituelle, quoique l\u2019on ne produise pas de fa\u00e7on pr\u00e9cise les gutturales <em>\u2018ayin<\/em> ou <em>\u2018heth<\/em>, cela n\u2019est pas susceptible d\u2019attirer l\u2019attention des auditeurs, dans la mesure o\u00f9 cette prononciation est connue. Il en va de m\u00eame pour toutes les prononciations notoires\u00a0: ashk\u00e9naze, y\u00e9m\u00e9nite etc.\u00a0: puisque ces prononciations sont connues, elles ne sont pas susceptibles d\u2019attirer l\u2019attention. Ce n\u2019est que si l\u2019on confond ou alt\u00e8re v\u00e9ritablement la prononciation des lettres, au-del\u00e0 de ce qui est habituel, ou encore si l\u2019on b\u00e9gaye beaucoup, que l\u2019on ne se joindra pas \u00e0 la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 128, 33\u00a0; <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> ad loc.).<\/p>\n<p>En tout \u00e9tat de cause, nous apprenons de ces r\u00e8gles combien les auditeurs doivent se concentrer durant la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction des pr\u00eatres, puisque nos sages ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que tout Cohen affect\u00e9 d\u2019une chose susceptible de suspendre la concentration des fid\u00e8les ne monterait pas sur l\u2019estrade.<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<a href='#_te01ftnref20_1' id='_te01ftn20_1'>[1]<\/a>. Apr\u00e8s la <em>Birkat Cohanim<\/em>, on trouve un texte destin\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9citation des fid\u00e8les, intitul\u00e9 <em>Adir bamarom<\/em>. Toutefois les d\u00e9cisionnaires sont partag\u00e9s sur le moment o\u00f9 il convient de le lire. Selon le <em>Choul\u2019han<\/em> <em>\u2018Aroukh<\/em> 130, 1, on doit dire <em>Adir bamarom<\/em> apr\u00e8s le rituel de r\u00e9paration des mauvais r\u00eaves (<em>Hatavat \u2018halom<\/em>), rituel qui se dit lui-m\u00eame \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la <em>Birkat Cohanim<\/em>. C\u2019est ce que laisse entendre le Talmud, <em>Berakhot <\/em> Le <em>Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 130, 9, suivant le <em>Zohar<\/em>, dit qu\u2019il ne faut pas r\u00e9citer ce texte durant la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction <em>Sim chalom<\/em>. Le <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 130, 6 rapporte que certains ont l\u2019usage de dire <em>Adir bamarom<\/em> apr\u00e8s chaque b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sacerdotale, et qu\u2019on le dit pendant que l\u2019officiant r\u00e9cite <em>Sim chalom<\/em>. Cette opinion trouve sa source dans les propos du Rif, du Roch et du <em>Taz<\/em>. Chacun continuera selon sa coutume.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pendant la Birkat Cohanim, chaque fid\u00e8le isra\u00e9lite doit se tenir face aux Cohanim, en concentrant son attention sur la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction, sans regarder les Cohanim ni quoi que ce soit, afin de ne pas d\u00e9tourner son esprit de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh 128, 23\u00a0; Michna Beroura 89)[1] Nos sages ont d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 que, lorsqu\u2019un Cohen est affect\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-02-20"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>02 \u2013 La kavana de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e des Isra\u00e9lites durant la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction - 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