{"id":2273,"date":"2016-02-22T00:07:03","date_gmt":"2016-02-21T22:07:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=2273"},"modified":"2017-08-15T09:51:46","modified_gmt":"2017-08-15T06:51:46","slug":"02-22-07","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-22-07\/","title":{"rendered":"07 \u2013 Succession des appel\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Les sages ont d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 que la premi\u00e8re mont\u00e9e serait donn\u00e9e \u00e0 un Cohen, la deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 un L\u00e9vi, et la troisi\u00e8me \u00e0 un Isra\u00e9lite (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire tout autre Juif). La raison de cette disposition\u00a0 r\u00e9side dans la volont\u00e9 de pr\u00e9server la paix communautaire, afin que les fid\u00e8les ne se disputent pas l\u2019honneur de monter en premier. Certes, ce d\u00e9cret n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tabli par les sages qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du Chabbat, car alors\u00a0 de nombreuses personnes se rassemblent \u00e0 la synagogue, et il est davantage \u00e0 craindre qu\u2019une tension ne se manifeste \u00e0 propos des mont\u00e9es \u00e0 la Torah (<em>Guitin <\/em>59b). Toutefois, les Richonim ont \u00e9crit qu\u2019il fallait adopter cette conduite y compris le lundi et le jeudi, et c\u2019est en ce sens que la halakha a \u00e9t\u00e9 tranch\u00e9e (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 135, 3).<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eame en l\u2019absence de ce d\u00e9cret des sages, le Cohen aurait pr\u00e9s\u00e9ance sur le simple Isra\u00e9lite dans le cas o\u00f9 l\u2019un et l\u2019autre seraient par ailleurs \u00e9gaux en rang. En effet, il est \u00e9crit, au sujet du Cohen\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Tu le sanctifieras\u00a0\u00bb (Lev 21, 8). Le d\u00e9cret a donc pour but d\u2019\u00e9tablir qu\u2019en mati\u00e8re de succession des appel\u00e9s \u00e0 la Torah, le Cohen a priorit\u00e9, pour des raisons de paix communautaire, <em>m\u00eame dans le cas o\u00f9 tel autre juif lui serait sup\u00e9rieur par ses connaissances en Torah<\/em>. N\u00e9anmoins, si le Cohen est un ignorant et tel autre juif un savant (<em>talmid \u2018hakham<\/em>), les Richonim sont partag\u00e9s sur la r\u00e8gle \u00e0 appliquer. Selon le Rachba, il faut faire monter le Juif savant en premier. Selon Rav Amram Gaon, Rav Netrona\u00ef Gaon et certains Richonim, en mati\u00e8re de mont\u00e9e \u00e0 la Torah, il faut donner pr\u00e9s\u00e9ance au Cohen sur le Juif \u00e9rudit, m\u00eame si le Cohen est un ignorant. Tel est l\u2019usage en pratique (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 135, 4).<\/p>\n<p>Il existe des cas o\u00f9 il est tr\u00e8s n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019ajouter une mont\u00e9e. C\u2019est le cas, par exemple, quand se trouvent \u00e0 la synagogue, un lundi ou un jeudi, deux hommes, l\u2019un et l\u2019autre nouveaux mari\u00e9s, et qui ne sont ni Cohen ni L\u00e9vi\u00a0: la premi\u00e8re et la deuxi\u00e8me mont\u00e9e sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 un Cohen et \u00e0 un L\u00e9vi\u00a0; il en r\u00e9sulte que, si l\u2019on ne proc\u00e9dait pas \u00e0 une mont\u00e9e suppl\u00e9mentaire, l\u2019un des deux nouveaux mari\u00e9s serait l\u00e9s\u00e9, et que l\u2019on ne pourrait l\u2019honorer en l\u2019appelant \u00e0 la Torah. Selon le Rama, il est certes permis, pour un tel besoin, d\u2019ajouter une mont\u00e9e\u00a0; toutefois, en pratique, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019interdire d\u2019exc\u00e9der le nombre de trois appel\u00e9s (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 135, 1\u00a0; <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 3). La parade que l\u2019on peut conseiller est de demander au Cohen de bien vouloir sortir de la synagogue au moment o\u00f9 l\u2019on d\u00e9signe le premier appel\u00e9\u00a0: dans la mesure o\u00f9 il n\u2019y a pas de Cohen pr\u00e9sent, on appellera un Isra\u00e9lite pour la premi\u00e8re mont\u00e9e, et de cette fa\u00e7on, on pourra faire monter les deux nouveaux mari\u00e9s (cf. <em>Yabia\u2019 Omer<\/em> VI 23).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les sages ont d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 que la premi\u00e8re mont\u00e9e serait donn\u00e9e \u00e0 un Cohen, la deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 un L\u00e9vi, et la troisi\u00e8me \u00e0 un Isra\u00e9lite (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire tout autre Juif). La raison de cette disposition\u00a0 r\u00e9side dans la volont\u00e9 de pr\u00e9server la paix communautaire, afin que les fid\u00e8les ne se disputent pas l\u2019honneur de monter en premier. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[131],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-02-22"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>07 \u2013 Succession des appel\u00e9s - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-22-07\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"07 \u2013 Succession des appel\u00e9s - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les sages ont d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 que la premi\u00e8re mont\u00e9e serait donn\u00e9e \u00e0 un Cohen, la deuxi\u00e8me \u00e0 un L\u00e9vi, et la troisi\u00e8me \u00e0 un Isra\u00e9lite (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire tout autre Juif). La raison de cette disposition\u00a0 r\u00e9side dans la volont\u00e9 de pr\u00e9server la paix communautaire, afin que les fid\u00e8les ne se disputent pas l\u2019honneur de monter en premier. 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