{"id":2315,"date":"2016-02-24T00:07:17","date_gmt":"2016-02-23T22:07:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=2315"},"modified":"2017-08-15T10:58:03","modified_gmt":"2017-08-15T07:58:03","slug":"02-24-07","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-24-07\/","title":{"rendered":"07 \u2013 L\u2019opinion de Rabbi Yehouda"},"content":{"rendered":"

La coutume r\u00e9pandue est conforme \u00e0 l\u2019opinion de la majorit\u00e9 des sages de la Michna (ceux que l\u2019on appelle \u2018Hakhamim<\/em>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la communaut\u00e9 des sages), selon lesquels le temps de Min\u2019ha s\u2019\u00e9tend jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la journ\u00e9e\u00a0; selon cette vue, lorsqu\u2019apparaissent trois \u00e9toiles dans le ciel, commence le temps de l\u2019office d\u2019Arvit, la pri\u00e8re du soir (Berakhot<\/em> 26a). Cependant, selon Rabbi Yehouda (lui aussi l\u2019un des sages de la Michna), le temps de Min\u2019ha s\u2019ach\u00e8ve plus t\u00f4t, \u00e0 l\u2019expiration de ce que l\u2019on appelle le plag hamin\u2019ha<\/em>. Plag<\/em> signifie moiti\u00e9\u00a0; c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que l\u2019on partage la p\u00e9riode de Min\u2019ha q\u00e9tana<\/em> en deux moiti\u00e9s \u00e9gales. Or nous avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu (\u00a7 5) que la p\u00e9riode de Min\u2019ha q\u00e9tana<\/em> s\u2019\u00e9tendait de la neuvi\u00e8me heure solaire et demie jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la douzi\u00e8me heure\u00a0; cette p\u00e9riode dure donc deux heures et demie, si bien que chaque moiti\u00e9 est d\u2019une heure et quart. Selon Rabbi Yehouda, la premi\u00e8re heure et quart est donc le temps de Min\u2019ha, tandis que la seconde p\u00e9riode d\u2019une heure et quart est d\u00e9j\u00e0 l\u2019heure de l\u2019office du soir, Arvit.<\/p>\n

Cette opinion se fonde sur la consid\u00e9ration suivante\u00a0: en pratique, les Cohanim se h\u00e2taient de sacrifier et d\u2019asperger le sang du sacrifice\u00a0 journalier pendant la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 de la p\u00e9riode de Min\u2019ha q\u00e9tana<\/em>, si bien que cette premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 constitue le temps de Min\u2019ha. Durant la seconde moiti\u00e9 de cette m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, les Cohanim \u00e9levaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 les membres du sacrifice\u00a0 journalier sur l\u2019autel. Or l\u2019office d\u2019Arvit a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00e9t\u00e9 institu\u00e9 par r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l\u2019oblation des membres\u00a0; par cons\u00e9quent, c\u2019est \u00e0 ce moment que d\u00e9bute le temps d\u2019Arvit. Tandis que, pour les \u2018Hakhamim, le raisonnement est le suivant\u00a0: puisque, si l\u2019on s\u2019en tient \u00e0 la stricte obligation, il est permis de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019aspersion du sang du sacrifice\u00a0 quotidien jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la journ\u00e9e, le temps de Min\u2019ha s\u2019\u00e9tend lui-m\u00eame jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la journ\u00e9e. L\u2019horaire d\u2019Arvit correspond, quant \u00e0 lui, \u00e0 celui de la lecture du Ch\u00e9ma du soir, qui commence \u00e0 l\u2019apparition des \u00e9toiles.<\/p>\n

En pratique, cette controverse n\u2019est pas tranch\u00e9e, et le Talmud (Berakhot<\/em> 27b) conclut que l\u2019on est autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 choisir de se conformer \u00e0 l\u2019avis des \u2018Hakhamim ou \u00e0 celui de Rabbi Yehouda. Les Richonim ajoutent que cette facult\u00e9 de choix suppose encore que l\u2019on s\u2019en tienne \u00e0 une conduite unique\u00a0: si l\u2019on se conforme \u00e0 l\u2019opinion de Rabbi Yehouda, on doit avoir soin de ne pas dire Min\u2019ha apr\u00e8s le plag hamin\u2019ha<\/em>\u00a0; et si l\u2019on suit l\u2019opinion des \u2018Hakhamim, on doit avoir soin de dire Arvit apr\u00e8s l\u2019apparition des \u00e9toiles, et pas avant. En revanche, dire Min\u2019ha apr\u00e8s le plag<\/em> comme le permettent les \u2018Hakhamim, puis Arvit avant l\u2019apparition des \u00e9toiles comme le permet Rabbi Yehouda, est interdit (nous d\u00e9velopperons le propos dans les lois d\u2019Arvit, chapitre 25 \u00a7 6-7)[9]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[9]<\/a>. Les d\u00e9cisionnaires sont partag\u00e9s sur ce qu\u2019il faut inclure dans la notion de \u00ab\u00a0jour\u00a0\u00bb. Pour le Chilt\u00e9 Haguiborim<\/em>, le Gaon de Vilna et la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisionnaires, le jour s\u2019\u00e9tend du premier rayon de soleil au coucher du soleil. Pour le Teroumat Had\u00e9chen<\/em>, il s\u2019\u00e9tend de l\u2019aube \u00e0 l\u2019apparition des \u00e9toiles. En fonction de cela, le moment du plag hamin\u2019ha<\/em> change\u00a0: faut-il compter une heure solaire et quart avant le coucher du soleil ou bien avant l\u2019apparition des \u00e9toiles\u00a0? L\u2019usage est de calculer d\u2019apr\u00e8s le moment du coucher du soleil\u00a0; c\u2019est ce qu\u2019\u00e9crivent le Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 233, 7 et le Loua\u2019h Erets Isra\u00ebl<\/em>. Cependant, le Chaar Hatsioun<\/em> laisse entendre qu\u2019il tient compte a priori des rigueurs de l\u2019une et l\u2019autre des deux opinions (233, 4\u00a0; Chaar Hatsioun<\/em> 235, 14). Il faut toutefois signaler que, selon le Teroumat Had\u00e9chen<\/em>, il faut calculer l\u2019apparition des \u00e9toiles d\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019opinion de Rabb\u00e9nou Tam, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire 72 minutes apr\u00e8s le coucher du soleil, afin que midi co\u00efncide avec le milieu du jour, comme nous l\u2019expliquons plus haut, chapitre 11 note 14. D\u2019apr\u00e8s cela, le passage du plag hamin\u2019ha<\/em> a lieu peu de temps avant le coucher visible du soleil (entre deux et dix-huit minutes, selon les p\u00e9riodes de l\u2019ann\u00e9e). Cf. Ich\u00e9 Isra\u00ebl<\/em> 27, note 8.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La coutume r\u00e9pandue est conforme \u00e0 l\u2019opinion de la majorit\u00e9 des sages de la Michna (ceux que l\u2019on appelle \u2018Hakhamim, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la communaut\u00e9 des sages), selon lesquels le temps de Min\u2019ha s\u2019\u00e9tend jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la journ\u00e9e\u00a0; selon cette vue, lorsqu\u2019apparaissent trois \u00e9toiles dans le ciel, commence le temps de l\u2019office d\u2019Arvit, la pri\u00e8re […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-02-24"],"yoast_head":"\n07 \u2013 L\u2019opinion de Rabbi Yehouda - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-24-07\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"07 \u2013 L\u2019opinion de Rabbi Yehouda - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La coutume r\u00e9pandue est conforme \u00e0 l\u2019opinion de la majorit\u00e9 des sages de la Michna (ceux que l\u2019on appelle \u2018Hakhamim, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la communaut\u00e9 des sages), selon lesquels le temps de Min\u2019ha s\u2019\u00e9tend jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la journ\u00e9e\u00a0; 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