{"id":2317,"date":"2016-02-25T00:01:17","date_gmt":"2016-02-24T22:01:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=2317"},"modified":"2017-08-15T11:13:02","modified_gmt":"2017-08-15T08:13:02","slug":"02-25-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-25-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01 \u2013 La lecture du Ch\u00e9ma et ses b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u2019est un commandement de la Torah que de r\u00e9citer le Ch\u00e9ma Isra\u00ebl chaque nuit et chaque matin, ainsi qu\u2019il est dit dans les premier et deuxi\u00e8me paragraphes du Ch\u00e9ma\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ces paroles que Je te prescris en ce jour\u2026, tu les r\u00e9citeras en te couchant et en te levant.\u00a0\u00bb De m\u00eame, c\u2019est un commandement que de se souvenir jour et nuit de la sortie d\u2019Egypte, comme il est dit : \u00ab\u00a0Afin que tu te souviennes du jour o\u00f9 tu sortis de la terre d\u2019Egypte tous les jours de ta vie\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0(Dt 16, 3). De l\u2019expression \u00ab\u00a0tous<\/strong> les jours\u00a0de ta vie \u00bb (kol<\/em><\/strong> yem\u00e9 \u2018hay\u00e9kha<\/em>), utilis\u00e9e par la Torah de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0les jours de ta vie\u00a0\u00bb (yem\u00e9 \u2018hay\u00e9kha<\/em>), les sages du Talmud inf\u00e8rent que c\u2019est une mitsva que de mentionner la sortie d\u2019Egypte le jour et la nuit (Michna Berakhot<\/em> 12b)[a]<\/a><\/sup>. \u00c0 cette fin, on r\u00e9cite, la nuit comme le jour, le troisi\u00e8me paragraphe du Ch\u00e9ma, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la paracha<\/em> Vayomer<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Dieu parla \u00e0 Mo\u00efse en ces termes\u00a0: parle aux enfants d\u2019Isra\u00ebl et dis-leur de se confectionner des franges aux coins de leurs v\u00eatements\u2026\u00a0\u00bb), paragraphe \u00e0 la fin duquel est mentionn\u00e9e la sortie d\u2019Egypte. Certes, le paragraphe Vayomer<\/em>, qui traite du commandement des tsitsit (franges rituelles) \u2013 lequel n\u2019est une obligation que de jour \u2013, rel\u00e8ve principalement du jour, et il e\u00fbt \u00e9t\u00e9 possible d\u2019accomplir, de nuit, la mitsva du souvenir de la sortie d\u2019Egypte en r\u00e9citant d\u2019autres versets. N\u00e9anmoins, on a l\u2019usage, y compris la nuit, de mentionner la sortie d\u2019Egypte par la r\u00e9citation du paragraphe Vayomer<\/em>, car tout le monde a l\u2019habitude de r\u00e9citer ce texte (Tossephot Yom Tov<\/em> ad loc.). De plus, en ajoutant ce paragraphe aux deux premiers, on parvient \u00e0 un total de deux-cent quarante huit mots (cf. chap. 15 \u00a7 12), et la r\u00e9citation de l\u2019ensemble de ces trois paragraphes t\u00e9moigne d\u2019une r\u00e9ception enti\u00e8re du joug de la royaut\u00e9 du Ciel (cf. chap. 15 \u00a7 3-4). Les lois de la r\u00e9citation du Ch\u00e9ma ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9es au chapitre 15.<\/p>\n

Les membres de la Grande Assembl\u00e9e ont institu\u00e9 l\u2019ajout de deux b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions avant la lecture du Ch\u00e9ma, et de deux b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions apr\u00e8s. La premi\u00e8re d\u2019entre elles est la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Ma\u2019ariv \u2018aravim<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0qui fais descendre le soir\u00a0\u00bb), \u00e9loge de Dieu pour le passage du jour \u00e0 la nuit. Elle est parall\u00e8le \u00e0 la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Yotser or<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0qui cr\u00e9es la lumi\u00e8re\u2026\u00a0\u00bb), r\u00e9cit\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019office du matin. La deuxi\u00e8me b\u00e9n\u00e9diction est Ahavat \u2018olam<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Tu as aim\u00e9 ton peuple, la maison d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, d\u2019un amour \u00e9ternel\u2026\u00a0\u00bb), louange pour l\u2019amour de Dieu envers Isra\u00ebl et pour le don de la Torah. La troisi\u00e8me est Emet<\/em> v\u00e9\u00e9mouna<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Tout cela est v\u00e9rit\u00e9 digne de foi\u2026\u00a0\u00bb), louange pour la D\u00e9livrance. La quatri\u00e8me est Hachkiv\u00e9nou<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Fais-nous reposer, notre P\u00e8re, en paix, et rel\u00e8ve-nous, notre Roi, pour une bonne vie et pour la paix\u2026\u00a0\u00bb), o\u00f9 nous demandons \u00e0 Dieu de nous prot\u00e9ger durant la nuit et durant notre sommeil (voir aussi chap. 16 \u00a7 1). Les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions du Ch\u00e9ma sont donc au nombre de sept\u00a0: trois d\u2019entre elles sont dites \u00e0 Cha\u2019harit, quatre \u00e0 \u2018Arvit. Le Talmud de J\u00e9rusalem (Berakhot<\/em> 1, 5) dit \u00e0 ce sujet que ces b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 institu\u00e9es en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au verset des Psaumes\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sept fois par jour je Te loue\u00a0\u00bb (Ps 119, 164).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[a]<\/a>. Cette lecture de type midrachique repose sur le principe selon lequel chaque mot de la Torah apporte un suppl\u00e9ment d\u2019enseignement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u2019est un commandement de la Torah que de r\u00e9citer le Ch\u00e9ma Isra\u00ebl chaque nuit et chaque matin, ainsi qu\u2019il est dit dans les premier et deuxi\u00e8me paragraphes du Ch\u00e9ma\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ces paroles que Je te prescris en ce jour\u2026, tu les r\u00e9citeras en te couchant et en te levant.\u00a0\u00bb De m\u00eame, c\u2019est un commandement que de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[134],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-02-25"],"yoast_head":"\n01 \u2013 La lecture du Ch\u00e9ma et ses b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-25-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"01 \u2013 La lecture du Ch\u00e9ma et ses b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions - 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