{"id":2498,"date":"2000-03-05T00:09:42","date_gmt":"2000-03-04T22:09:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=2498"},"modified":"2017-11-07T12:02:15","modified_gmt":"2017-11-07T10:02:15","slug":"03-05-09","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/03-05-09\/","title":{"rendered":"09. Les enfants"},"content":{"rendered":"

De nombreuses m\u00e8res demandent \u00e0 partir de quel \u00e2ge il faut laver rituellement les mains des petits enfants. D\u2019apr\u00e8s plusieurs grands d\u00e9cisionnaires modernes, il faut veiller \u00e0 ce que m\u00eame les petits enfants se lavent rituellement les mains le matin. Et m\u00eame s\u2019ils ne sont pas encore parvenus \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de l\u2019\u00e9ducation[f]<\/a><\/sup> aux commandements, il y a lieu de laver leurs mains, dans la mesure o\u00f9 ils touchent des aliments, afin qu\u2019ils ne les ab\u00eement pas par l\u2019effet de l\u2019esprit d\u2019impuret\u00e9 (\u2018Hida, Peri M\u00e9gadim<\/em>, Michbetsot Zahav<\/em> 4, 7, Michna Beroura<\/em> 4, 10). Certains adoptent m\u00eame le pieux usage consistant \u00e0 laver les mains des b\u00e9b\u00e9s, comme l\u2019\u00e9crit le Ben Ich \u2018Ha\u00ef<\/em> (premi\u00e8re s\u00e9rie, Toledot<\/em> 10), car par cela, on les \u00e9l\u00e8ve dans la saintet\u00e9 et la puret\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Toutefois, en pratique, nombreux sont ceux qui ont l\u2019usage de ne pas exiger des tout petits que leurs mains soient lav\u00e9es trois fois alternativement \u00e0 leur lever car, d\u2019apr\u00e8s plusieurs A\u2019haronim parmi les plus grands, l\u2019esprit d\u2019impuret\u00e9 ne r\u00e9side sur les mains qu\u2019\u00e0 partir de l\u2019\u00e2ge de douze ans pour les filles, treize ans pour les gar\u00e7ons. La raison en est que, plus l\u2019homme a la facult\u00e9 de se lier \u00e0 la saintet\u00e9 et d\u2019\u0153uvrer \u00e0 la r\u00e9paration du monde, plus le souffle d\u2019impuret\u00e9 s\u2019efforce corr\u00e9lativement de le rendre impur. C\u2019est pourquoi cet esprit impur ne r\u00e9side pas sur les mains des non-Juifs, car ils ne sont pas assujettis aux commandements. De m\u00eame pour les enfants\u00a0: tout le temps qu\u2019ils ne sont pas sanctifi\u00e9s par l\u2019obligation d\u2019observer les mitsvot, l\u2019esprit d\u2019impuret\u00e9 ne r\u00e9side pas pleinement sur eux. Cependant, c\u2019est une mitsva d\u2019\u00e9duquer les enfants \u00e0 l\u2019apprentissage des commandements\u00a0; et dans la mesure o\u00f9 ils commencent \u00e0 se lier aux saintes mitsvot, l\u2019esprit d\u2019impuret\u00e9 r\u00e9side quelque peu sur eux. Aussi, d\u00e8s le moment o\u00f9 ils parviennent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et o\u00f9 ils sont aptes \u00e0 comprendre comment se laver les mains rituellement, c\u2019est une mitsva que de les y \u00e9duquer et de les y habituer (d\u2019apr\u00e8s Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh Harav<\/em>, deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9dition 4, 2\u00a0; Echel Avraham <\/em>de Rabbi Avraham Botchatch 4, 3\u00a0; Tsits Eli\u00e9zer<\/em> VII 2, 4).<\/p>\n

En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, c\u2019est une bonne action que d\u2019habituer les enfants parvenus \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 se laver les mains trois fois au r\u00e9veil, et c\u2019est une stricte obligation de se laver les mains \u00e0 partir de l\u2019\u00e2ge des mitsvot, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire douze ans pour les filles, treize ans pour les gar\u00e7ons. Mais certains sont rigoureux et lavent rituellement les mains des petits enfants, d\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e2ge o\u00f9 ils sont amen\u00e9s \u00e0 toucher de la nourriture de leurs mains (Michna Beroura<\/em> 4, 10). Et d\u2019autres, \u00e9minents par leur pi\u00e9t\u00e9, poussent le scrupule jusqu\u2019\u00e0 laver les mains des b\u00e9b\u00e9s depuis l\u2019\u00e2ge de la circoncision, voire depuis la naissance, car d\u00e8s cet instant commence \u00e0 se r\u00e9v\u00e9ler en eux la saintet\u00e9 propre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lection d\u2019Isra\u00ebl (comme l\u2019explique le Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh Harav<\/em>, ad. loc., passage entre parenth\u00e8ses. Cf. Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 4, 22).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[f]<\/a>. Pr\u00e9cision de l\u2019auteur pour l\u2019\u00e9dition fran\u00e7aise\u00a0: l\u2019\u00e2ge de l\u2019\u00e9ducation (guil \u2018hinoukh<\/em>) d\u00e9bute quand l\u2019enfant commence \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper sa compr\u00e9hension. Dans de nombreux domaines, on vise par l\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de six ou sept ans, mais dans les domaines o\u00f9 les enfants comprennent plus t\u00f4t, l\u2019\u00e2ge de l\u2019\u00e9ducation commence lui aussi plus t\u00f4t. Ainsi, en mati\u00e8re de v\u00eatements, il faut commencer cette \u00e9ducation un peu plus t\u00f4t, progressivement, sans aucune pression.<\/li>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De nombreuses m\u00e8res demandent \u00e0 partir de quel \u00e2ge il faut laver rituellement les mains des petits enfants. D\u2019apr\u00e8s plusieurs grands d\u00e9cisionnaires modernes, il faut veiller \u00e0 ce que m\u00eame les petits enfants se lavent rituellement les mains le matin. Et m\u00eame s\u2019ils ne sont pas encore parvenus \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de l\u2019\u00e9ducation[f] aux commandements, il […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[143],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-03-05"],"yoast_head":"\n09. 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