{"id":2593,"date":"2000-03-11T00:05:42","date_gmt":"2000-03-10T22:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=2593"},"modified":"2017-11-08T10:37:18","modified_gmt":"2017-11-08T08:37:18","slug":"03-11-05","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/03-11-05\/","title":{"rendered":"05. Ne pas prier \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de son ma\u00eetre attitr\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

On ne r\u00e9citera pas la \u2018Amida \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de son rabbin[b]<\/a><\/sup> attitr\u00e9 (rav mouvhaq<\/em>) car, si l\u2019on priait \u00e0 ses c\u00f4t\u00e9s, on para\u00eetrait se hausser \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gal de son ma\u00eetre. \u00c0 plus forte raison, si l\u2019on priait devant<\/em> son rabbin, on semblerait s\u2019enorgueillir \u00e0 ses d\u00e9pens. Mais m\u00eame imm\u00e9diatement derri\u00e8re<\/em> son rabbin, on ne priera point\u00a0; en effet, s\u2019il terminait sa \u2018Amida avant son disciple, le rabbin ne pourrait imm\u00e9diatement reculer de trois pas (comme c\u2019est l\u2019usage \u00e0 la fin de la \u2018Amida)\u00a0et en subirait une g\u00eane ; or il faut prendre grand soin de ne pas causer de d\u00e9plaisir \u00e0 son ma\u00eetre. De plus, le disciple risquerait de para\u00eetre se prosterner devant son ma\u00eetre (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 90, 24\u00a0; Michna Beroura<\/em> 74).<\/p>\n

En revanche, si l\u2019on s\u2019est \u00e9loign\u00e9 de quatre amot <\/em>(environ deux m\u00e8tres, comme nous l\u2019avons vu), il devient permis de prier \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de son ma\u00eetre. Mais si l\u2019on prie derri\u00e8re<\/em> son ma\u00eetre, il faut s\u2019\u00e9loigner de deux m\u00e8tres augment\u00e9s de trois pas (environ 60 cm) afin que, m\u00eame si le disciple prolonge sa \u2018Amida, le rabbin puisse reculer de trois pas[c]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Qui est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le rabbin attitr\u00e9 du disciple\u00a0? Celui qui lui a enseign\u00e9 la majorit\u00e9 de ses connaissances (rov \u2018hokhmato<\/em>, litt\u00e9ralement la majorit\u00e9 de sa sagesse<\/em>) dans l\u2019un des domaines de la Torah. La r\u00e8gle s\u2019applique aussi quand il s\u2019agit de l\u2019un des plus grands sages de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration (consid\u00e9r\u00e9 donc comme le ma\u00eetre attitr\u00e9 de toute sa g\u00e9n\u00e9ration).<\/p>\n

De m\u00eame, le rabbin local est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme ma\u00eetre attitr\u00e9 de ceux qui sont pr\u00e9sents (\u2018Aroukh Hachoul\u2019han<\/em>, Yor\u00e9 D\u00e9\u2019a<\/em> 242, 29\u00a0; cf. aussi La Pri\u00e8re d\u2019Isra\u00ebl<\/em> 3, note 8). Selon certains d\u00e9cisionnaires, quand on apprend de nombreuses notions de Torah aupr\u00e8s d\u2019un ma\u00eetre d\u00e9termin\u00e9 durant une certaine p\u00e9riode, ce ma\u00eetre est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme son ma\u00eetre attitr\u00e9 durant cette p\u00e9riode, bien que ce ne soit pas de lui que l\u2019on tienne la majorit\u00e9 de ses connaissances toraniques (Divr\u00e9 Malkiel<\/em> 2, 74).<\/p>\n

En ce qui concerne une rabbanite[d]<\/a><\/sup>, l\u2019obligation de ne pas prier \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 d\u2019elle s\u2019applique dans l\u2019un ou l\u2019autre des deux cas suivants\u00a0: a)\u00a0 quand la rabbanite est l\u2019\u00e9pouse du rabbin attitr\u00e9 de la fid\u00e8le, ou de l\u2019un des grands ma\u00eetres de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, et que son activit\u00e9 essentielle est d\u2019assister son mari dans le service saint\u00a0; b) quand la rabbanite a elle-m\u00eame form\u00e9 des \u00e9l\u00e8ves, si bien que la majorit\u00e9 de leurs connaissances toraniques ou de leur \u00e9ducation lui est redevable\u00a0; il faut alors se conduire \u00e0 son \u00e9gard comme envers son rabbin attitr\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Certains auteurs pensent que tout cela s\u2019entend lorsque l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve a elle-m\u00eame choisi de prier pr\u00e8s de la rabbanite. Mais si toutes deux prient dans la pi\u00e8ce de la synagogue r\u00e9serv\u00e9e aux femmes (\u2018ezrat nachim<\/em>) et que les responsables de la communaut\u00e9 (gaba\u00efm<\/em>) aient eux-m\u00eames fix\u00e9 la place de l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve pr\u00e8s de celle de la rabbanite, il n\u2019y a pas d\u2019interdit, car il n\u2019y a l\u00e0 aucune marque de pr\u00e9somption. En cas de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, on peut s\u2019appuyer sur cette opinion (La Pri\u00e8re d\u2019Isra\u00ebl<\/em> 3, note 9). Il est certain que, lorsque la rabbanite invite l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 prier \u00e0 son c\u00f4t\u00e9, ou quand elle est d\u2019accord pour cela, il n\u2019y a aucun interdit ni soup\u00e7on de pr\u00e9somption \u00e0 prier \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 d\u2019elle.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[b]<\/a>. Rav<\/em>: ma\u00eetre, rabbin.<\/li>\n

[c]<\/a>. Sans que l\u2019on perde le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de ces quatre amot.<\/em><\/li>\n

[d]<\/a>. Rabbanite<\/em>: f\u00e9minin de rabbin. Peut d\u00e9signer, dans le juda\u00efsme orthodoxe, ou la femme d\u2019un rabbin, ou une enseignante en Torah. Ce mot h\u00e9bra\u00efque, dont la graphie comme la sonorit\u00e9 s\u2019harmonisent bien mieux avec le fran\u00e7ais que rabbine<\/em>, pourrait avantageusement \u00eatre adopt\u00e9 par notre langue.<\/li>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On ne r\u00e9citera pas la \u2018Amida \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de son rabbin[b] attitr\u00e9 (rav mouvhaq) car, si l\u2019on priait \u00e0 ses c\u00f4t\u00e9s, on para\u00eetrait se hausser \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gal de son ma\u00eetre. \u00c0 plus forte raison, si l\u2019on priait devant son rabbin, on semblerait s\u2019enorgueillir \u00e0 ses d\u00e9pens. Mais m\u00eame imm\u00e9diatement derri\u00e8re son rabbin, on ne priera […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-03-11"],"yoast_head":"\n05. Ne pas prier \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de son ma\u00eetre attitr\u00e9 - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/03-11-05\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"05. Ne pas prier \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de son ma\u00eetre attitr\u00e9 - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On ne r\u00e9citera pas la \u2018Amida \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de son rabbin[b] attitr\u00e9 (rav mouvhaq) car, si l\u2019on priait \u00e0 ses c\u00f4t\u00e9s, on para\u00eetrait se hausser \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gal de son ma\u00eetre. \u00c0 plus forte raison, si l\u2019on priait devant son rabbin, on semblerait s\u2019enorgueillir \u00e0 ses d\u00e9pens. 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