{"id":2702,"date":"2000-03-16T00:09:01","date_gmt":"2000-03-15T22:09:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=2702"},"modified":"2017-11-08T12:42:34","modified_gmt":"2017-11-08T10:42:34","slug":"03-16-09","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/03-16-09\/","title":{"rendered":"09. R\u00e8gles de la r\u00e9citation du Ch\u00e9ma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Celle qui lit le Ch\u00e9ma doit le faire avec une grande concentration, avec crainte, r\u00e9v\u00e9rence, tremblement et frisson. Elle pensera en son for int\u00e9rieur qu\u2019elle est en train de lire la parole du Roi, le Saint b\u00e9ni soit-Il, et elle se concentrera sur le sens des mots comme s\u2019ils \u00e9taient nouveaux pour elle (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 61, 1-2).<\/p>\n<p>En plus d\u2019\u00eatre concentr\u00e9e, la lectrice doit \u00eatre pr\u00e9cise dans la prononciation des lettres\u00a0: il ne faut avaler aucune lettre, ne pas accentuer une lettre spirante, ni aspirer une lettre accentu\u00e9e. De m\u00eame, il faut a priori distinguer l\u2019une de l\u2019autre les lettres <em>aleph<\/em> et <em>\u2018ayin<\/em>, <em>khaf <\/em>et <em>\u2018het<\/em>, et distinguer les voyelles <em>qamats<\/em> et <em>pata\u2019h<\/em>, <em>ts\u00e9r\u00e9<\/em> et <em>s\u00e9gol<\/em> (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em>, <em>Ora\u2019h \u2018Ha\u00efm <\/em>61, 14-23). Les sages ont dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Quiconque lit le Ch\u00e9ma en pronon\u00e7ant avec pr\u00e9cision toutes ses lettres, on refroidit \u00e0 son profit le feu de la g\u00e9henne\u00a0\u00bb (<em>Berakhot<\/em> 15b). A posteriori, si l\u2019on a lu le Ch\u00e9ma sans \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis dans la prononciation des lettres, on a n\u00e9anmoins accompli la mitsva, \u00e0 condition de ne pas avoir escamot\u00e9 toute une syllabe (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 62, 1\u00a0; <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 1).<\/p>\n<p>Il faut rendre audible \u00e0 son oreille ce qui sort de sa bouche, durant la r\u00e9citation du Ch\u00e9ma. A posteriori, si l\u2019on a simplement articul\u00e9 les mots sans les avoir rendus audibles \u00e0 son oreille, on a accompli la mitsva, puisque l\u2019on a fait un acte par le mouvement de ses l\u00e8vres. Mais si l\u2019on s\u2019est content\u00e9 de <em>penser<\/em> les mots du Ch\u00e9ma, on n\u2019a pas accompli la mitsva (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 62, 3).<\/p>\n<p>Si l\u2019on s\u2019en tient \u00e0 la stricte r\u00e8gle, quoiqu\u2019il convienne a priori de lire le Ch\u00e9ma et de prier dans la langue sainte,\u00a0 la r\u00e9citation du Ch\u00e9ma ou de la pri\u00e8re dans une langue autre que l\u2019h\u00e9breu nous rend quitte, \u00e0 condition de comprendre cette autre langue (cf. plus haut, chap. 12 \u00a7 7). Toutefois, certains grands d\u00e9cisionnaires modernes \u00e9crivent que, en pratique, il est impossible d\u2019accomplir la mitsva de lire le Ch\u00e9ma dans une autre langue que l\u2019h\u00e9breu, car nous ne savons pas traduire certains mots avec pr\u00e9cision. Par exemple, l\u2019expression <em>v\u00e9chinnantam<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0tu les enseigneras\u00a0\u00bb) contient \u00e0 la fois une id\u00e9e de r\u00e9p\u00e9tition et d\u2019aiguisement de l\u2019esprit (\u00ab\u00a0tu les r\u00e9p\u00e9teras et les enseigneras avec une pr\u00e9cision aigu\u00eb\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0; or il ne se trouve pas un verbe semblable dans les langues autres que l\u2019h\u00e9breu. Puisqu\u2019il est donc impossible de traduire le Ch\u00e9ma de fa\u00e7on pr\u00e9cise, on ne peut le r\u00e9citer dans une langue \u00e9trang\u00e8re (<em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 63, 3\u00a0; cf. <em>La Pri\u00e8re d\u2019Isra\u00ebl<\/em>, chap. 15, note 7).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Celle qui lit le Ch\u00e9ma doit le faire avec une grande concentration, avec crainte, r\u00e9v\u00e9rence, tremblement et frisson. Elle pensera en son for int\u00e9rieur qu\u2019elle est en train de lire la parole du Roi, le Saint b\u00e9ni soit-Il, et elle se concentrera sur le sens des mots comme s\u2019ils \u00e9taient nouveaux pour elle (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-03-16"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>09. 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