{"id":2744,"date":"2000-03-20T00:03:24","date_gmt":"2000-03-19T22:03:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=2744"},"modified":"2017-11-09T10:28:07","modified_gmt":"2017-11-09T08:28:07","slug":"03-20-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/03-20-03\/","title":{"rendered":"03. Le Qaddich"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le Qaddich a ceci de particulier que, dans sa majeure partie, il traite de l\u2019honneur du Ciel. Aussi faut-il \u00eatre tr\u00e8s attentif quand on y r\u00e9pond, et \u00e0 plus forte raison prendre garde de bavarder quand il est r\u00e9cit\u00e9 (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 56, 1, Michna Beroura<\/em> 1). Nos sages disent que, lorsqu\u2019une personne r\u00e9pond Amen, yeh\u00e9 chemeh rabba m\u00e9varakh l\u00e9\u2019alam oul\u2019alm\u00e9 \u2018almaya<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Amen\u00a0; que Son grand nom soit b\u00e9ni \u00e0 jamais, pour l\u2019\u00e9ternit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb) de toute la force de son esprit, on d\u00e9chire l\u2019\u00e9ventuel mauvais d\u00e9cret qui pouvait avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 promulgu\u00e9 \u00e0 son encontre pour soixante-dix ans (Chabbat<\/em> 119b\u00a0; \u00e9l\u00e8ves de Rabb\u00e9nou Yona). Nos sages disent \u00e9galement que, lorsque les Juifs entrent dans les synagogues et disent Yeh\u00e9 chemeh rabba m\u00e9varakh<\/em> \u00e0 voix haute, de durs d\u00e9crets sont annul\u00e9s \u00e0 leur profit (Pessiqta<\/em> cit\u00e9e par Tossephot<\/em> ad loc.). Ils disent encore que le fait de r\u00e9pondre au Qaddich \u00e9veille la mis\u00e9ricorde divine \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard d\u2019Isra\u00ebl en exil. Car lorsque les Juifs entrent dans les synagogues et les maisons d\u2019\u00e9tude et r\u00e9pondent Yeh\u00e9 chemeh hagadol mevorakh<\/em>[d]<\/a><\/sup>, leur souvenir est rappel\u00e9 devant le Saint b\u00e9ni soit-Il. \u00c0 ce moment, si l\u2019on peut s\u2019exprimer ainsi, le Saint b\u00e9ni soit-Il secoue la t\u00eate en signe d\u2019affliction et dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Heureux le Roi que l\u2019on glorifiait ainsi en Sa demeure\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0; la volont\u00e9 de d\u00e9livrer Isra\u00ebl s\u2019\u00e9veille alors en Lui (cf. Berakhot<\/em> 3a).<\/p>\n

Puisque, par le Qaddich, nous sanctifions le nom de l\u2019Eternel, il faut le dire au sein d\u2019un minyan, car le Saint b\u00e9ni soit-Il se sanctifie par le biais d\u2019une assembl\u00e9e <\/em>(\u2018eda<\/em>) d\u2019Isra\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

Le Qaddich est r\u00e9dig\u00e9 en langue aram\u00e9enne, qui \u00e9tait la langue en usage \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque du Deuxi\u00e8me Temple parmi tout le monde juif, de fa\u00e7on que les ignorants eux-m\u00eames pussent le comprendre et, en y r\u00e9pondant, appliquer leur pens\u00e9e au sens des mots. En voici la traduction\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Que soit \u00e9lev\u00e9 et sanctifi\u00e9 Son grand nom<\/em><\/p>\n

Dans le monde qu\u2019Il cr\u00e9a selon Sa volont\u00e9\u00a0; qu\u2019Il y \u00e9tablisse Son r\u00e8gne, qu\u2019Il fasse germer Son salut et rapproche la venue de Son messie<\/em><\/p>\n

Durant votre vie et de vos jours <\/em>(ceux de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e des fid\u00e8les), et du vivant de toute la maison d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, promptement, en un temps prochain, et dites amen.<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u2019assembl\u00e9e r\u00e9pond\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Yeh\u00e9 chemeh rabba m\u00e9varakh l\u00e9\u2019alam oul\u2019alm\u00e9 \u2018almaya<\/em>, ce qui signifie\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Que Son grand nom soit b\u00e9ni \u00e0 jamais, pour l\u2019\u00e9ternit\u00e9<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u2019officiant poursuit\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Que soit b\u00e9ni, lou\u00e9, magnifi\u00e9, \u00e9lev\u00e9, exalt\u00e9, glorifi\u00e9, v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9, c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 le nom du Saint b\u00e9ni soit-Il<\/em><\/p>\n

Au-del\u00e0 de toute b\u00e9n\u00e9diction, cantique, louange et consolation qui se disent dans le monde, et dites amen. <\/em><\/p>\n

Telle est la partie principale du Qaddich, appel\u00e9e couramment \u2018Hatsi-Qaddich<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0demi-Qaddich\u00a0\u00bb ou Qaddich abr\u00e9g\u00e9)\u00a0; y r\u00e9pondre importe davantage que de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la Q\u00e9doucha (Michna Beroura<\/em> 56, 6)[3]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[d]<\/a>. Version h\u00e9bra\u00efque de la phrase aram\u00e9enne Yeh\u00e9 chemeh rabba m\u00e9varakh<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Que Son grand nom soit b\u00e9ni\u00a0\u00bb).<\/li>\n

[3]<\/a>. Il y a des diff\u00e9rences de coutume quand il s\u2019agit de r\u00e9pondre Amen, yeh\u00e9 chemeh rabba m\u00e9varakh <\/em> Suivant la coutume ashk\u00e9naze et y\u00e9m\u00e9nite Baladi, les derniers mots prononc\u00e9s par le fid\u00e8le doivent \u00eatre l\u00e9\u2019alam oul\u2019alm\u00e9 \u2018almaya\u00a0<\/em>; selon l\u2019usage \u2018hassidique et y\u00e9m\u00e9nite Chami, on ajoute encore le mot yitbarakh\u00a0<\/em>; et selon l\u2019usage s\u00e9farade, on continue jusqu\u2019\u00e0 daamiran b\u00e9\u2019alma<\/em>. Autre diff\u00e9rence\u00a0: apr\u00e8s que l\u2019officiant a ponctu\u00e9 sa phrase par les mots berikh Hou<\/em>, les Ashk\u00e9nazes r\u00e9p\u00e8tent berikh Hou<\/em>, tandis que, pour les S\u00e9farades, si l\u2019on a eu le temps de r\u00e9citer jusqu\u2019aux mots daamiran b\u00e9\u2019alma<\/em>, on r\u00e9pond amen<\/em>, et si l\u2019on n\u2019en a pas eu le temps, on ne r\u00e9pond pas \u00e0 la suite de berikh Hou<\/em>. Il faut encore savoir que, lorsqu\u2019on r\u00e9pond Amen\u00a0; yeh\u00e9 Chemeh rabba<\/em>\u2026, on doit faire une pause entre le mot amen<\/em> et les mots yeh\u00e9 chemeh rabba\u2026<\/em>, car le mot amen<\/em> se rapporte \u00e0 ce que l\u2019officiant a dit auparavant, tandis que yeh\u00e9<\/em> chemeh rabba\u2026<\/em> est une louange en soi (Michna Beroura<\/em> 56, 2).<\/li>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Qaddich a ceci de particulier que, dans sa majeure partie, il traite de l\u2019honneur du Ciel. Aussi faut-il \u00eatre tr\u00e8s attentif quand on y r\u00e9pond, et \u00e0 plus forte raison prendre garde de bavarder quand il est r\u00e9cit\u00e9 (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh 56, 1, Michna Beroura 1). Nos sages disent que, lorsqu\u2019une personne r\u00e9pond Amen, yeh\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-03-20"],"yoast_head":"\n03. 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