{"id":2793,"date":"2000-03-02T00:02:40","date_gmt":"2000-03-01T22:02:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=2793"},"modified":"2017-11-09T11:28:17","modified_gmt":"2017-11-09T09:28:17","slug":"03-22-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/03-22-02\/","title":{"rendered":"02. Accueil du Chabbat (Qabalat Chabbat<\/em>)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Il y a plus de quatre cents ans, les kabbalistes de Safed ont initi\u00e9 la r\u00e9citation de cantiques\u00a0avant l\u2019entr\u00e9e du Chabbat : tout en r\u00e9citant, ils accueillaient le septi\u00e8me jour. La coutume de Rabbi Isaac Louria \u00e9tait d\u2019accueillir le Chabbat dans les champs\u00a0; ses compagnons et lui se tournaient face \u00e0 l\u2019ouest, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 le soleil se couche, point cardinal qui, aux dires de nos sages, est la direction principale o\u00f9 se d\u00e9voile la Pr\u00e9sence divine (Baba Batra<\/em> 25a). Ils disaient alors le psaume 29, \u00ab\u00a0Cantique de David. C\u00e9l\u00e9brez l\u2019Eternel, anges du divin\u00a0\u00bb, puis trois fois les mots \u00ab\u00a0viens, fianc\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb (bo-i, kala<\/em>) et le psaume 92, Cantique pour le jour de Chabbat<\/em>. La coutume de Rabbi Mo\u00efse Cordovero \u00e9tait de r\u00e9citer six psaumes, correspondant aux six jours ouvrables de la semaine, en commen\u00e7ant par le psaume 95 (\u00ab\u00a0Allons, glorifions l\u2019Eternel\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0; puis on r\u00e9citait le Cantique pour le jour de Chabbat<\/em>, correspondant au septi\u00e8me jour. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, vivait Rabbi Chelomo Elqabets, l\u2019auteur du po\u00e8me Lekha<\/em> Dodi<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Va, fianc\u00e9, au devant de ta fianc\u00e9e\u2026\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0: l\u2019usage se r\u00e9pandit de le r\u00e9citer lors de l\u2019accueil du Chabbat, avant le Cantique pour le jour de Chabbat\u00a0<\/em>; et tel est l\u2019usage aujourd\u2019hui dans toutes les communaut\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

On a coutume de se tourner en direction de l\u2019ouest lors de l\u2019accueil du Chabbat\u00a0: selon le rite des communaut\u00e9s d\u2019Orient, on se tourne vers l\u2019ouest lorsque l\u2019on r\u00e9cite le Cantique de David (Ps 29) et le po\u00e8me Lekha Dodi<\/em>\u00a0; selon le rite ashk\u00e9naze, on ne se tourne vers l\u2019ouest que lorsqu\u2019on r\u00e9cite le dernier couplet de Lekha Dodi<\/em>, o\u00f9 l\u2019on dit pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00ab\u00a0viens, fianc\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb (bo-i, kala<\/em>). Certains ont coutume de se tourner vers l\u2019entr\u00e9e de la synagogue, m\u00eame quand cette entr\u00e9e n\u2019est pas situ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019ouest.<\/p>\n

Dans de nombreuses synagogues, l\u2019office commence relativement tard, et l\u2019on n\u2019arrive \u00e0 la r\u00e9citation de Lekha Dodi<\/em> qu\u2019apr\u00e8s le coucher du soleil. Pour accomplir la mitsva de tossephet Chabbat <\/em>(temps suppl\u00e9mentaire ajout\u00e9 au Chabbat)[a]<\/a><\/sup>, les fid\u00e8les doivent, en ce cas, recevoir la saintet\u00e9 du Chabbat avant le coucher du soleil en disant\u00a0: Bo-i kala, Chabbat hamalka<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Viens, fianc\u00e9e, reine Chabbat \u00bb). Il est bon qu\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019office de Min\u2019ha, d\u00e8s avant le coucher du soleil, l\u2019administrateur de la synagogue (gaba\u00ef<\/em>) annonce cela.<\/p>\n

Les femmes ont l\u2019usage de recevoir le Chabbat par l\u2019allumage des bougies[b]<\/a><\/sup>. De cette fa\u00e7on, elles accomplissent la mitsva de tossephet Chabbat<\/em> de fa\u00e7on parfaite. Une femme qui a l\u2019usage de r\u00e9citer la pri\u00e8re de Min\u2019ha doit s\u2019efforcer grandement, le vendredi, de faire cette pri\u00e8re avant l\u2019allumage des bougies car, de l\u2019avis de nombreux d\u00e9cisionnaires, on ne peut plus dire la pri\u00e8re du jour profane apr\u00e8s \u00eatre entr\u00e9 en Chabbat par l\u2019allumage des bougies (Michna Beroura<\/em> 263, 43). A posteriori, si l\u2019on n\u2019a pas eu le temps de r\u00e9citer Min\u2019ha avant l\u2019allumage, on pourra s\u2019appuyer sur l\u2019opinion de d\u00e9cisionnaires qui estiment que, m\u00eame si l\u2019on a d\u00e9j\u00e0 pris sur soi d\u2019entrer en Chabbat, et alors m\u00eame qu\u2019il est d\u00e9j\u00e0 interdit de travailler, il est encore possible de r\u00e9citer la pri\u00e8re de Min\u2019ha du jour profane (Tsits Eli\u00e9zer<\/em> 13, 42. Cf. Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/em>, Chabbat<\/em> I, 3, note 6).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[a]<\/a>. L\u2019heure limite d\u2019entr\u00e9e du Chabbat est le coucher du soleil, mais il existe une mitsva toranique de tossephet Chabbat<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0ajout au Chabbat\u00a0\u00bb), consistant \u00e0 pr\u00e9lever une part de temps de la semaine pour le rattacher au Chabbat. Nous entrons donc en Chabbat en accueillant la saintet\u00e9 du jour avant m\u00eame le coucher du soleil. De m\u00eame, le samedi soir, nous prolongeons le Chabbat au-del\u00e0 de la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit.<\/li>\n

[b]<\/a>. N\u00e9rot Chabbat<\/em>: les \u00ab\u00a0lampes\u00a0\u00bb du Chabbat. Nous traduisons bougies<\/em>, mais il peut aussi s\u2019agir de godets d\u2019huile mont\u00e9s sur chandelier et allum\u00e9s au moyen de m\u00e8ches.<\/li>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Il y a plus de quatre cents ans, les kabbalistes de Safed ont initi\u00e9 la r\u00e9citation de cantiques\u00a0avant l\u2019entr\u00e9e du Chabbat : tout en r\u00e9citant, ils accueillaient le septi\u00e8me jour. La coutume de Rabbi Isaac Louria \u00e9tait d\u2019accueillir le Chabbat dans les champs\u00a0; ses compagnons et lui se tournaient face \u00e0 l\u2019ouest, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 le […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-03-22"],"yoast_head":"\n02. 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La coutume de Rabbi Isaac Louria \u00e9tait d\u2019accueillir le Chabbat dans les champs\u00a0; ses compagnons et lui se tournaient face \u00e0 l\u2019ouest, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 le […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/03-22-02\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2000-03-01T22:02:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-11-09T09:28:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/03-22-02\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/03-22-02\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\"},\"headline\":\"02. 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