{"id":2795,"date":"2000-03-22T00:03:50","date_gmt":"2000-03-21T22:03:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=2795"},"modified":"2017-11-09T11:29:45","modified_gmt":"2017-11-09T09:29:45","slug":"03-22-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/03-22-03\/","title":{"rendered":"03. Va\u00efkhoulou <\/em>et Maguen avot<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Au cours de la \u2018Amida du soir de Chabbat, on dit les versets de Va\u00efkhoulou<\/em>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les trois versets qui concluent le r\u00e9cit de la Cr\u00e9ation, versets qui traitent du Chabbat (Gn 2, 1-3)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ainsi furent termin\u00e9s les cieux, la terre et toutes leurs arm\u00e9es. Dieu mesura, le septi\u00e8me jour, l\u2019\u0153uvre qu\u2019Il avait faite, et Il s\u2019abstint, le septi\u00e8me jour, d\u2019ajouter \u00e0 toute l\u2019\u0153uvre qu\u2019Il avait faite. Dieu b\u00e9nit le septi\u00e8me jour et le sanctifia, car en ce jour Dieu cessa d\u2019agir sur toute l\u2019\u0153uvre qu\u2019Il avait cr\u00e9\u00e9e, cessa de faire.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Nos sages ont dit que toute personne qui r\u00e9cite les versets de Va\u00efkhoulou<\/em> durant la \u2018Amida du soir de Chabbat, c\u2019est comme s\u2019il se faisait l\u2019associ\u00e9 du Saint b\u00e9ni soit-Il dans l\u2019\u0153uvre de la Cr\u00e9ation. C\u2019est volontairement que le Saint b\u00e9ni soit-Il a cr\u00e9\u00e9 le monde d\u00e9ficient, afin que nous puissions nous adjoindre \u00e0 son parach\u00e8vement[c]<\/a><\/sup> ; or notre participation commence dans le fait de croire dans le Cr\u00e9ateur\u00a0; par cela, nous \u0153uvrons au parach\u00e8vement du monde et au d\u00e9voilement de la gloire divine.<\/p>\n

Nos sages ont encore dit au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de celui ou de celle qui r\u00e9cite le paragraphe Va\u00efkhoulou<\/em> au cours de la \u2018Amida du soir de Chabbat, que les deux anges qui accompagnent chacun posent leurs mains sur sa t\u00eate et lui disent\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ton p\u00e9ch\u00e9 est \u00e9cart\u00e9 et ta faute sera expi\u00e9e.\u00a0\u00bb La th\u00e9matique du Chabbat est li\u00e9e \u00e0 celle du repentir (t\u00e9chouva<\/em>), lien qui transpara\u00eet dans les lettres communes dont se composent ces deux mots\u00a0: Chabbat (\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea) et t\u00e9chouva<\/em> (\u05ea\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4, litt\u00e9ralement retour<\/em>). En effet, le jour de Chabbat, la foi dans le Cr\u00e9ateur du monde se rappelle \u00e0 nous, et de ce fait, nous \u00ab\u00a0retournons\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 toutes les bonnes aspirations de notre \u00e2me. Quand nous r\u00e9citons Va\u00efkhoulou<\/em> le soir de Chabbat, nous exprimons par l\u00e0 le sens profond du saint jour\u00a0; par cela, nous pouvons m\u00e9riter un repentir v\u00e9ritable et nos p\u00e9ch\u00e9s sont expi\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 la synagogue, l\u2019assembl\u00e9e des fid\u00e8les r\u00e9cite une seconde fois le paragraphe Va\u00efkhoulou<\/em>, apr\u00e8s la \u2018Amida. Selon certains, le fait de r\u00e9citer ce paragraphe ensemble, avec les autres fid\u00e8les, constitue un t\u00e9moignage de la Cr\u00e9ation du monde par Dieu (cf. Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/em>, Chabbat<\/em> I, 5, 12)[d]<\/a><\/sup>. De plus, on dit une troisi\u00e8me fois Va\u00efkhoulou<\/em> pendant le Qidouch[e]<\/a><\/sup>. On trouve ainsi de nombreux cas o\u00f9 l\u2019on a coutume de r\u00e9citer trois fois une parole importante (ainsi du psaume Achr\u00e9\/Tehila l\u00e9-David<\/em> et de la Q\u00e9doucha).<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s la \u2018Amida d\u2019Arvit de Chabbat, nos sages ont institu\u00e9 la r\u00e9citation par l\u2019officiant de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction M\u00e9\u2019ein ch\u00e9va\u2019 <\/em>(\u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9sum\u00e9 des sept\u00a0\u00bb). Elle est une sorte<\/em> de r\u00e9p\u00e9tition de la \u2018Amida, en ce qu\u2019elle contient le r\u00e9sum\u00e9 de chacune des sept b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions r\u00e9cit\u00e9es pendant la \u2018Amida de Chabbat (cf. Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/em>, Chabbat<\/em> I, 5, 13).<\/p>\n

C\u2019est \u00e0 l\u2019officiant qu\u2019il appartient de r\u00e9citer cette b\u00e9n\u00e9diction\u00a0; par cons\u00e9quent, dans les communaut\u00e9s o\u00f9 l\u2019assembl\u00e9e des fid\u00e8les chante la partie de ce texte introduite par les mots Maguen avot<\/em>, l\u2019officiant doit ensuite r\u00e9p\u00e9ter ce passage en solo (Michna Beroura<\/em> 268, 22).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[c]<\/a>. Tiqoun<\/em>: litt\u00e9ralement r\u00e9paration<\/em>; consolidation, parach\u00e8vement, perfectionnement.<\/li>\n

[d]<\/a>. Pour qu\u2019un t\u00e9moignage soit parfait, il faut au moins deux t\u00e9moins. Quand chaque fid\u00e8le r\u00e9cite Va\u00efkhoulou<\/em> \u00e0 voix basse pendant la \u2018Amida, ce n\u2019est encore qu\u2019un t\u00e9moignage individuel. Quand l\u2019assembl\u00e9e reprend le texte \u00e0 haute voix, le t\u00e9moignage de ce que Dieu est le cr\u00e9ateur du monde est pleinement constitu\u00e9.<\/li>\n

[e]<\/a>. Proclamation de la saintet\u00e9 du jour, r\u00e9cit\u00e9e sur une coupe de vin avant le repas du vendredi soir.<\/li>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Au cours de la \u2018Amida du soir de Chabbat, on dit les versets de Va\u00efkhoulou, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les trois versets qui concluent le r\u00e9cit de la Cr\u00e9ation, versets qui traitent du Chabbat (Gn 2, 1-3)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ainsi furent termin\u00e9s les cieux, la terre et toutes leurs arm\u00e9es. Dieu mesura, le septi\u00e8me jour, l\u2019\u0153uvre qu\u2019Il avait faite, et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-03-22"],"yoast_head":"\n03. 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