{"id":2850,"date":"2000-03-24T00:01:59","date_gmt":"2000-03-23T22:01:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=2850"},"modified":"2017-11-12T08:40:34","modified_gmt":"2017-11-12T06:40:34","slug":"03-24-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/03-24-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01. Diff\u00e9rences des rites de pri\u00e8re"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 la suite des exils et de la dispersion des communaut\u00e9s, des diff\u00e9rences sont apparues dans les rituels de pri\u00e8re des diverses diasporas. Certes, dans les fondements de la pri\u00e8re, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire dans ce qu\u2019ont institu\u00e9 les membres de la Grande Assembl\u00e9e (anch\u00e9 Knesset Haguedola<\/em>), comme les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions du Ch\u00e9ma et la \u2018Amida, les diff\u00e9rences sont tr\u00e8s l\u00e9g\u00e8res. S\u2019agissant m\u00eame du rappel des sacrifices (S\u00e9der haqorbanot<\/em>), dans ses grandes lignes, et des versets de louange (Pessouq\u00e9 dezimra<\/em>), qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fix\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque du Talmud et des Gu\u00e9onim (jusqu\u2019au 6\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle de l\u2019\u00e8re civile), les distinctions sont l\u00e9g\u00e8res. Mais dans les ajouts datant de l\u2019\u00e9poque des Richonim (au Moyen Age), que ce soit dans le rappel des sacrifices ou dans la conclusion de la pri\u00e8re, les diff\u00e9rences entre communaut\u00e9s se font plus saillantes. En effet, ce que l\u2019on a pris l\u2019usage d\u2019ajouter en Espagne n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessairement adopt\u00e9 en Allemagne, et vice-versa. C\u2019est particuli\u00e8rement perceptible dans les po\u00e8mes liturgiques (piyoutim<\/em>) r\u00e9dig\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque des Gu\u00e9onim et des Richonim, et introduits dans le rituel des jours redoutables et des f\u00eates. Nous trouvons ainsi des po\u00e8mes liturgiques enti\u00e8rement diff\u00e9rents entre S\u00e9farades et Ashk\u00e9nazes, dans les rituels de pri\u00e8re des jours redoutables.<\/p>\n

On trouve encore des diff\u00e9rences entre communaut\u00e9s du point de vue de la prononciation traditionnelle de l\u2019h\u00e9breu, tant du point de vue des consonnes \u2013 comme, par exemple, les lettres tsadi <\/em>et qouf<\/em> \u2013 que des voyelles \u2013 comme pour le qamats<\/em> et le \u2018holam<\/em>. Or il convient que chacun perp\u00e9tue ses coutumes, car toutes les traditions existant parmi le peuple d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, dans la lecture des lettres comme dans leur vocalisation, sont valables (Igrot Moch\u00e9<\/em>, Ora\u2019h \u2018Ha\u00efm<\/em> 3, 5\u00a0; m\u00eame quand il s\u2019agit du texte de la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie de \u2018halitsa<\/em>[a]<\/a><\/sup>, pour lequel, de l\u2019avis de tous, il faut prononcer distinctement toutes les lettres, on est quitte quelle que soit la prononciation employ\u00e9e).<\/p>\n

Au sujet des diff\u00e9rences des textes, le saint Rabbi Isaac Louria explique que, selon une tradition bien \u00e9tablie, il existe douze ouvertures au Ciel, correspondant aux douze tribus d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, et que la pri\u00e8re de chaque tribu s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve par le portique qui lui est particulier. C\u2019est l\u00e0 que r\u00e9side le secret des douze portiques mentionn\u00e9s \u00e0 la fin du livre d\u2019Ez\u00e9chiel (Cha\u2019ar Hakavanot<\/em> 50, 4). Et c\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019est tranch\u00e9e la r\u00e8gle\u00a0: chaque Juif doit continuer de prier conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la coutume de ses p\u00e8res\u00a0(Maguen Avraham<\/em> 68, 1\u00a0; Michna Beroura<\/em> 68, 4. Nous verrons par la suite dans quels cas il est permis de changer de coutume).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[a]<\/a>. \u2018Halitsa<\/em>, litt\u00e9ralement d\u00e9chaussage\u00a0: c\u00e9r\u00e9monie de lib\u00e9ration de l\u2019obligation d\u2019\u00e9pouser sa belle-s\u0153ur en vertu du l\u00e9virat.<\/li>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 la suite des exils et de la dispersion des communaut\u00e9s, des diff\u00e9rences sont apparues dans les rituels de pri\u00e8re des diverses diasporas. Certes, dans les fondements de la pri\u00e8re, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire dans ce qu\u2019ont institu\u00e9 les membres de la Grande Assembl\u00e9e (anch\u00e9 Knesset Haguedola), comme les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions du Ch\u00e9ma et la \u2018Amida, les diff\u00e9rences sont […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-03-24"],"yoast_head":"\n01. 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Certes, dans les fondements de la pri\u00e8re, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire dans ce qu\u2019ont institu\u00e9 les membres de la Grande Assembl\u00e9e (anch\u00e9 Knesset Haguedola), comme les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions du Ch\u00e9ma et la \u2018Amida, les diff\u00e9rences sont […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/03-24-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2000-03-23T22:01:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-11-12T06:40:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/03-24-01\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/03-24-01\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\"},\"headline\":\"01. 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