{"id":3144,"date":"2016-05-09T00:01:56","date_gmt":"2016-05-08T21:01:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=3144"},"modified":"2018-03-18T12:02:27","modified_gmt":"2018-03-18T10:02:27","slug":"05-09-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/05-09-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01. Repas de s\u00e9paration (s\u00e9\u2019ouda mafs\u00e9qet<\/em>)"},"content":{"rendered":"

La veille du 9 av, au repas de s\u00e9paration (s\u00e9\u2019ouda mafs\u00e9qet<\/em>) qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de le je\u00fbne, on s\u2019abstient de consommer plus d\u2019un plat (comme l\u2019indique la Michna, Ta\u2019anit<\/em> 26b), car \u00e0 cet instant le deuil, pour la destruction du Temple, s\u2019amplifie, et il ne convient pas que l\u2019homme, par son comportement, traduise l\u2019importance qu\u2019il voue \u00e0 sa propre personne, et se d\u00e9lecte en mangeant de deux plats diff\u00e9rents. En revanche, en mangeant d\u2019un seul mets, il n\u2019y a pas de d\u00e9lectation particuli\u00e8re. De m\u00eame, on ne mangera pas de viande, ni ne boira de vin (Ta\u2019anit<\/em> ibid.), car ces aliments sont importants et r\u00e9jouissent. Certes, de nos jours, la coutume du peuple juif est de s\u2019abstenir de viande et de vin d\u00e8s le Roch \u2018hodech (la n\u00e9om\u00e9nie) du mois d\u2019av (comme nous l\u2019avons vu au chap. 8 \u00a7 13). Simplement, jusqu\u2019au repas de s\u00e9paration, l\u2019interdit de manger de la viande et de boire du vin est une coutume datant des Richonim (au Moyen \u00c2ge), tandis que, durant ledit repas, l\u2019interdit est fix\u00e9 par les sages du Talmud. Aussi, un malade, ou une accouch\u00e9e, auxquels la viande pourrait donner de la force, sont autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 en manger pendant les \u00ab\u00a0neuf jours[a]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u00bb, mais cela leur est interdit au repas d\u2019interruption[1]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Qu\u2019est-ce que le repas de s\u00e9paration\u00a0? C\u2019est le repas que l\u2019on prend apr\u00e8s le midi solaire (\u2018hatsot hayom<\/em>), le dernier repas avant le je\u00fbne. Toutefois, celui qui prend son dernier repas avant<\/em> le midi solaire est autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 y prendre deux mets. L\u2019usage couramment adopt\u00e9 consiste \u00e0 prendre, en milieu de journ\u00e9e, un repas normal, avec plusieurs mets, puis, \u00e0 l\u2019approche du je\u00fbne, \u00e0 faire le repas de s\u00e9paration, qui ne comprendra qu\u2019un seul mets. On ne rusera pas en prenant, \u00e0 l\u2019approche du je\u00fbne, un repas comprenant plusieurs plats, suivi du Birkat hamazon<\/em> (actions de gr\u00e2ce), d\u2019une petite pause, puis, tout de suite apr\u00e8s, d\u2019un autre repas, afin que ce dernier soit consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme \u00ab\u00a0repas d\u2019interruption\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Toutefois, a posteriori, si l\u2019on n\u2019a pas eu le temps de prendre un repas complet en milieu de journ\u00e9e, que l\u2019on se soit mis en retard, et que l\u2019on craigne que le je\u00fbne ne soit p\u00e9nible dans le cas o\u00f9 l\u2019on s\u2019abstiendrait de manger de plusieurs plats, on pourra prendre un repas complet, apr\u00e8s quoi l\u2019on ira \u00e0 la synagogue pour y faire la pri\u00e8re de Min\u2019ha, puis on reviendra chez soi pour prendre le repas de s\u00e9paration. On aura soin, lors du premier repas, de ne pas manger des quantit\u00e9s telles que l\u2019on n\u2019aurait plus d\u2019app\u00e9tit pour le repas de s\u00e9paration (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> et Rama 552, 9, Michna Beroura<\/em> 22).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[a]<\/a>. Entendre\u00a0: les neuf premiers jours, \u00e0 l\u2019exception du 9 lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>. Quand un malade est dispens\u00e9 de je\u00fbner le 9 av, il doit cependant manger des aliments simples. Aussi ne mangera-t-il pas, \u00e0 la s\u00e9\u2019ouda mafs\u00e9qet<\/em>, de viande, et il ne prendra pas non plus deux mets. Cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, chap. 10 \u00a7 3, et Hilkhot \u2018Hag Be\u2019hag<\/em> 6, 4. Ce n\u2019est que s\u2019il y a une prescription m\u00e9dicale explicite \u00e0 son endroit, de manger de la viande et de boire du vin, que le malade pourra en consommer.<\/p>\n

Il faut signaler que, si l\u2019on s\u2019en tient aux termes de la Gu\u00e9mara Ta\u2019anit <\/em>30a, il est permis de consommer, \u00e0 la s\u00e9\u2019ouda mafs\u00e9qet<\/em>, une salaison de viande (bassar malia\u2019h<\/em>), ou du vin qui n\u2019a pas encore ferment\u00e9 (yayin miguito<\/em>), car ces aliments n\u2019ont pas la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de r\u00e9jouir. Mais puisque l\u2019on a coutume de s\u2019en abstenir depuis Roch \u2018hodech du mois d\u2019av, il est \u00e9vident que, \u00e0 la s\u00e9\u2019ouda mafs\u00e9qet<\/em>, il est \u00e9galement interdit d\u2019en consommer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La veille du 9 av, au repas de s\u00e9paration (s\u00e9\u2019ouda mafs\u00e9qet) qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de le je\u00fbne, on s\u2019abstient de consommer plus d\u2019un plat (comme l\u2019indique la Michna, Ta\u2019anit 26b), car \u00e0 cet instant le deuil, pour la destruction du Temple, s\u2019amplifie, et il ne convient pas que l\u2019homme, par son comportement, traduise l\u2019importance qu\u2019il voue \u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[152],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-05-09"],"yoast_head":"\n01. 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