{"id":3148,"date":"2016-05-09T00:03:40","date_gmt":"2016-05-08T21:03:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=3148"},"modified":"2018-03-18T12:03:17","modified_gmt":"2018-03-18T10:03:17","slug":"05-09-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/05-09-03\/","title":{"rendered":"03. Coutumes de la <em>s\u00e9\u2019ouda mafs\u00e9qet<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le Talmud (<em>Ta\u2019anit<\/em> 30a) raconte quelle \u00e9tait la coutume de Rabbi Yehouda, fils de Rabbi Ila\u00ef, au repas de s\u00e9paration : on lui servait du pain sec tremp\u00e9 dans du sel, et il s\u2019asseyait en un endroit d\u00e9sol\u00e9, entre le fourneau et les r\u00e9chauds\u00a0; avec ce pain, il buvait une cruche d\u2019eau, et il ressemblait \u00e0 un homme qui vient de perdre un proche. De m\u00eame, Ma\u00efmonide avait coutume d\u2019\u00eatre rigoureux \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de lui-m\u00eame, en ne consommant, \u00e0 ce repas, que du pain et de l\u2019eau, sans aucun mets.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, la directive donn\u00e9e aux communaut\u00e9s est de manger \u00e9galement des fruits et des l\u00e9gumes, pour emmagasiner des forces \u00e0 l\u2019approche du je\u00fbne. Nombreux sont ceux qui ont coutume de prendre, comme plat unique qu\u2019ils mangent \u00e0 ce repas, des \u0153ufs durs, parce qu\u2019ils sont arrondis et font allusion \u00e0 la roue de fortune, qui varie constamment dans le monde\u00a0; ce qui fait de l\u2019\u0153uf dur un aliment que les endeuill\u00e9s ont l\u2019usage de consommer. Il n\u2019est pas interdit de manger deux \u0153ufs. Certains ont l\u2019usage de manger un plat de lentilles, qui est aussi une nourriture traditionnellement prise par les endeuill\u00e9s (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 552, 5-6).<\/p>\n<p>Pour exprimer notre mortification suite \u00e0 la destruction du Temple, on a coutume de s\u2019asseoir sur le sol, lors du repas de s\u00e9paration\u00a0; mais il n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019\u00f4ter ses chaussures (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 552, 7). Certains, se r\u00e9f\u00e9rant \u00e0 la Kabbale, disent qu\u2019il est juste d\u2019\u00e9tendre une \u00e9toffe pour servir de s\u00e9paration entre le sol et soi. Certains auteurs sont rigoureux, \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard, m\u00eame quand le sol est carrel\u00e9 (cf. <em>Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 552, 39). Si l\u2019on a du mal \u00e0 s\u2019asseoir sur le sol, ou si l\u2019on est malade, \u00e2g\u00e9, accouch\u00e9e ou enceinte, on est autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019asseoir sur une chaise. Il est bon, en ce cas, de s\u2019asseoir \u00e0 une autre place que d\u2019ordinaire (cf. <em>Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 552, 38).<\/p>\n<p>Chacun s\u2019assoit seul, dans son coin, pour prendre son repas de s\u00e9paration, comme il est dit au sujet de l\u2019endeuill\u00e9\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Il s\u2019assi\u00e9ra seul et gardera le silence\u00a0\u00bb (Lm 3, 28). M\u00eame si trois hommes sont assis en un m\u00eame lieu, ils ne s\u2019associent pas pour dire le <em>Zimoun<\/em><sup><a href='#_te01ftn9_b' id='_te01ftnref9_b' class='aup1'>[b]<\/a><\/sup>, car chacun est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme seul (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 552, 8, <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 19).<\/p>\n<p>A priori, on n\u2019\u00e9tudie pas, la veille du 9 av, \u00e0 partir du midi solaire (<em>\u2018hatsot hayom<\/em>), hormis des sujets tristes, li\u00e9s au 9 av ou aux lois du deuil. Toutefois, celui qui craint, en se limitant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de tels sujets, de ne pas \u00e9tudier v\u00e9ritablement, fera mieux d\u2019\u00e9tudier les sujets qui attirent son esprit (Rama 553, 2, <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 8).<\/p>\n<p>Si l\u2019on a termin\u00e9 son repas d\u2019interruption, et que l\u2019on veuille manger encore, on y est autoris\u00e9, car le je\u00fbne ne commence qu\u2019au coucher du soleil, et non au terme du repas. De m\u00eame, toutes les autres r\u00e8gles du deuil s\u2019appliquent apr\u00e8s le coucher du soleil seulement, \u00e0 moins que l\u2019on n\u2019ait pris sur soi de commencer \u00e0 je\u00fbner avant cela (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 553, 1\u00a0; cf. <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 2).<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<a href='#_te01ftnref9_b' id='_te01ftn9_b'>[b]<\/a>. Introduction au <em>Birkat hamazon<\/em>, que l\u2019on r\u00e9cite si le nombre des convives est d\u2019au moins trois.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Talmud (Ta\u2019anit 30a) raconte quelle \u00e9tait la coutume de Rabbi Yehouda, fils de Rabbi Ila\u00ef, au repas de s\u00e9paration : on lui servait du pain sec tremp\u00e9 dans du sel, et il s\u2019asseyait en un endroit d\u00e9sol\u00e9, entre le fourneau et les r\u00e9chauds\u00a0; avec ce pain, il buvait une cruche d\u2019eau, et il ressemblait [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[152],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-05-09"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>03. 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