{"id":350,"date":"2016-01-05T00:09:38","date_gmt":"2016-01-04T22:09:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=350"},"modified":"2017-07-19T10:02:06","modified_gmt":"2017-07-19T07:02:06","slug":"01-05-09","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-05-09\/","title":{"rendered":"09. Lecture de la <em>paracha<\/em> et de sa traduction aram\u00e9enne (<em>Chena\u00efm miqra v\u00e9-\u00e9\u2019had targoum<\/em>)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En plus de la lecture de la Torah qui est faite \u00e0 la synagogue, nos sages ont prescrit \u00e0 l\u2019individu de lire chaque semaine la <em>paracha<\/em>, deux fois dans sa version originale h\u00e9bra\u00efque, une fois dans sa traduction aram\u00e9enne (le <em>targoum<\/em>). C\u2019est ce que l\u2019on appelle <em>Chena\u00efm miqra v\u00e9-\u00e9\u2019had targoum<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0deux fois le texte biblique et une fois sa traduction\u00a0\u00bb). Celui qui agit ainsi, on prolonge ses jours et ses ann\u00e9es (<em>Berakhot<\/em> 8a). \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque o\u00f9 nos sages institu\u00e8rent cela, la grande masse du peuple juif parlait aram\u00e9en\u00a0: en lisant la traduction aram\u00e9enne r\u00e9dig\u00e9e par Onqelos, on comprenait la <em>paracha<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Au cours des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations, les Isra\u00e9lites furent exil\u00e9s en diff\u00e9rents lieux, o\u00f9 l\u2019on parlait d\u2019autres langues. La plupart des gens oubli\u00e8rent l\u2019aram\u00e9en. La question se posa donc de savoir s\u2019il \u00e9tait possible de lire la <em>paracha<\/em> avec, au lieu de sa traduction aram\u00e9enne, une traduction dans la langue locale, ou encore avec le commentaire de Rachi.<\/p>\n<p>Concernant les autres traductions, la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisionnaires estiment qu\u2019elles ne peuvent se comparer \u00e0 celle d\u2019Onqelos, laquelle fut \u00e9crite \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque des Tanna\u00efm et dont l\u2019inspiration se rattache \u00e0 l\u2019esprit de la proph\u00e9tie de Moise. Aussi ne peut-on s\u2019acquitter de son obligation par une autre traduction. En revanche, s\u2019agissant du commentaire de Rachi, on s\u2019accorde \u00e0 dire que l\u2019on peut l\u2019\u00e9tudier au lieu de lire le <em>targoum <\/em>d\u2019Onqelos, car Rachi explique les difficult\u00e9s de la Torah comme le fait le <em>targoum<\/em>, et m\u00eame plus largement. Toutefois, certains versets ne sont pas comment\u00e9s par Rachi\u00a0; ceux-l\u00e0 doivent \u00eatre lus trois fois (<em>Michna Beroura <\/em>285, 5).<\/p>\n<p>Certains donnent un suppl\u00e9ment de perfection \u00e0 leur pratique en lisant toute la <em>paracha<\/em> deux fois, avec la traduction d\u2019Onqelos et le commentaire de Rachi. En effet, l\u2019avantage de Rachi est que son commentaire est plus large et qu\u2019il cite les paroles de nos sages\u00a0; tandis que l\u2019avantage du <em>targoum<\/em> d\u2019Onqelos est d\u2019\u00eatre, en son fondement, rattach\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation sina\u00eftique, si bien que, selon les kabbalistes, il est utile de r\u00e9citer le <em>targoum<\/em>, m\u00eame si l\u2019on n\u2019en comprend pas la langue (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 285, 2).<\/p>\n<p>On peut lire le <em>Chena\u00efm miqra v\u00e9-\u00e9\u2019had targoum<\/em> \u00e0 partir de l\u2019office de Min\u2019ha du Chabbat pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, puisqu\u2019\u00e0 ce moment on commence \u00e0 lire la <em>paracha<\/em> du Chabbat suivant. Le d\u00e9lai court jusqu\u2019au deuxi\u00e8me repas du Chabbat consid\u00e9r\u00e9\u00a0; en effet, on raconte que Rabbi Yehouda Hanassi ordonna \u00e0 ses enfants de ne pas prendre leur repas du matin de Chabbat avant d\u2019avoir pr\u00e9alablement termin\u00e9 la lecture de <em>Chena\u00efm miqra v\u00e9-\u00e9\u2019had targoum<\/em>. Si l\u2019on a d\u00e9j\u00e0 pris ce repas, on ach\u00e8vera cette lecture avant l\u2019office de Min\u2019ha, car alors on commence \u00e0 lire la <em>paracha<\/em> suivante. Si l\u2019on n\u2019en a pas eu le temps, on compl\u00e8tera cette lecture avant la fin de la journ\u00e9e de mardi, car les trois premiers jours de la semaine sont li\u00e9s au Chabbat qui les pr\u00e9c\u00e8de. Et si l\u2019on n\u2019a pas eu le temps de lire la <em>paracha<\/em> jusqu\u2019alors, on aura soin de le faire avant la cl\u00f4ture de la lecture toranique annuelle, \u00e0 Sim\u2019hat Torah (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 285, 4).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En plus de la lecture de la Torah qui est faite \u00e0 la synagogue, nos sages ont prescrit \u00e0 l\u2019individu de lire chaque semaine la paracha, deux fois dans sa version originale h\u00e9bra\u00efque, une fois dans sa traduction aram\u00e9enne (le targoum). C\u2019est ce que l\u2019on appelle Chena\u00efm miqra v\u00e9-\u00e9\u2019had targoum (\u00ab\u00a0deux fois le texte biblique [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-05"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>09. 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C\u2019est ce que l\u2019on appelle Chena\u00efm miqra v\u00e9-\u00e9\u2019had targoum (\u00ab\u00a0deux fois le texte biblique [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-05-09\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-04T22:09:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-07-19T07:02:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-05-09\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-05-09\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"orah765768\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b\"},\"headline\":\"09. 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