{"id":3648,"date":"2016-09-06T00:09:57","date_gmt":"2016-09-05T21:09:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=3648"},"modified":"2018-08-16T10:43:36","modified_gmt":"2018-08-16T07:43:36","slug":"15-06-09","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/15-06-09\/","title":{"rendered":"09. Opinion des sages (\u2018Hakhamim)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Selon les sages, bien que le jour de Kipour apporte l\u2019expiation au peuple d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, cette expiation ne pr\u00e9serve pas l\u2019individu du jugement et de la peine qui s\u2019appliquent \u00e0 lui selon les principes du droit. M\u00eame s\u2019il y a une chance pour que la personne, dans le cas o\u00f9 sa peine serait repouss\u00e9e, parvienne au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9veiller au repentir, et \u00e0 r\u00e9parer sa faute, le jugement s\u2019applique \u00e0 lui d\u00e8s lors qu\u2019il ne s\u2019est pas repenti au jour de Kipour. Toutefois, de l\u2019avis m\u00eame des \u2018Hakhamim, l\u2019expiation de Kipour ne requiert pas n\u00e9cessairement un repentir complet (une t\u00e9chouva chelema<\/em>), telle que Celui qui conna\u00eet les secrets du c\u0153ur t\u00e9moigne de ce que l\u2019on ne fautera plus. Le fait m\u00eame que l\u2019individu je\u00fbne, qu\u2019il s\u2019abstienne de tout travail, qu\u2019il prie, et qu\u2019il r\u00e9v\u00e8le par-l\u00e0 sa volont\u00e9 profonde d\u2019\u00eatre bon et de ne plus fauter, le sauve des peines auxquelles les strictes r\u00e8gles du jugement l\u2019auraient condamn\u00e9 (cf. ci-dessus, chap. 3 \u00a7 5, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le Chn\u00e9 Lou\u2019hot Habrit<\/em> sur Roch Hachana, Torah Or<\/em> 17).<\/p>\n

En pratique, les Richonim \u00e9crivent que la halakha est conforme \u00e0 l\u2019opinion des \u2018Hakhamim\u00a0: le jour de Kipour ne donne l\u2019expiation qu\u2019\u00e0 celui qui fait t\u00e9chouva<\/em>. Quoi qu\u2019il en soit, en prenant profond\u00e9ment conscience de l\u2019enseignement de Rabbi sur le lien absolu qui unit l\u2019\u00c9ternel \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2me de chaque Juif, chacun doit s\u2019\u00e9veiller, au jour de Kipour, \u00e0 une t\u00e9chouva<\/em> \u00e9manant de l\u2019amour[4]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[4]<\/a>. La halakha suit l\u2019opinion des \u2018Hakhamim<\/em>, comme l\u2019\u00e9crivent Ma\u00efmonide (T\u00e9chouva <\/em>1, 3), Tossephot<\/em> sur Keritot<\/em> 7a \u05d3\u00a0\u00bb\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d1\u05e4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05ea\u05d0, Rama, Ora\u2019h\u00a0 \u2018Ha\u00efm<\/em> 607, 6. De prime abord, il y a lieu de se demander pourquoi ces auteurs optent pour l\u2019opinion des \u2018Hakhamim\u00a0; en effet, \u00ab\u00a0cette opinion-ci comme celle-l\u00e0 sont les paroles du Dieu vivant\u00a0\u00bb (\u00e9lou v\u00e9-\u00e9lou divr\u00e9 Eloqim \u2018ha\u00efm<\/em>)\u00a0; ce n\u2019est que lorsqu\u2019il est question de halakha pratique qu\u2019il est n\u00e9cessaire de trancher. Il y a toutefois \u00e0 cela une port\u00e9e fondamentale\u00a0: que l\u2019homme ne s\u2019en remette pas au jour de Kipour, mais qu\u2019il fasse t\u00e9chouva<\/em>. (Bien que Ma\u00efmonide tranche comme les \u2018Hakhamim, il ajoute que le bouc \u00e9missaire expie les fautes l\u00e9g\u00e8res, m\u00eame sans t\u00e9chouva<\/em>.)<\/p>\n

Sur un point, tous les avis convergent\u00a0: celui qui doute s\u2019il a commis une faute justifiant d\u2019un sacrifice expiatoire (\u2018hatat<\/em>), et qui doit normalement apporter un d\u00e9lictif conditionnel (acham talou\u00ef<\/em>), est dispens\u00e9 de le faire d\u00e8s lors que Kipour est pass\u00e9. M\u00eame s\u2019il ne fait pas t\u00e9chouva<\/em>, et m\u00eame s\u2019il a profan\u00e9 le jour de Kipour en mangeant et en travaillant, le fait qu\u2019il ait travers\u00e9 ce jour le dispense de ce d\u00e9lictif (Keritot <\/em>25b\u00a0; Ma\u00efmonide, Chegagot <\/em>3, 9).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Selon les sages, bien que le jour de Kipour apporte l\u2019expiation au peuple d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, cette expiation ne pr\u00e9serve pas l\u2019individu du jugement et de la peine qui s\u2019appliquent \u00e0 lui selon les principes du droit. M\u00eame s\u2019il y a une chance pour que la personne, dans le cas o\u00f9 sa peine serait repouss\u00e9e, parvienne au […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[161],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-15-06"],"yoast_head":"\n09. Opinion des sages (\u2018Hakhamim) - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/15-06-09\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"09. Opinion des sages (\u2018Hakhamim) - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Selon les sages, bien que le jour de Kipour apporte l\u2019expiation au peuple d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, cette expiation ne pr\u00e9serve pas l\u2019individu du jugement et de la peine qui s\u2019appliquent \u00e0 lui selon les principes du droit. 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