{"id":382,"date":"2016-01-06T00:08:51","date_gmt":"2016-01-05T22:08:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=382"},"modified":"2017-07-19T10:42:00","modified_gmt":"2017-07-19T07:42:00","slug":"01-06-08","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-06-08\/","title":{"rendered":"08. Coutumes li\u00e9es au Qidouch et couverture des pains"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La coutume la plus r\u00e9pandue consiste \u00e0 se tenir debout pendant le Qidouch du soir de Chabbat, car on y t\u00e9moigne de la Cr\u00e9ation du monde, or les t\u00e9moins doivent \u00eatre debout au moment de leur d\u00e9position. Rabbi Isaac Louria donne la m\u00eame directive, en se fondant sur la partie \u00e9sot\u00e9rique de la Torah (le <em>sod<\/em>)\u00a0; et tel est l\u2019usage des S\u00e9farades, ainsi que des \u2018Hassidim (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 271, 10\u00a0; <em>Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 62). Les Ashk\u00e9nazes ont coutume de s\u2019asseoir durant le Qidouch, afin que celui-ci se dise v\u00e9ritablement au lieu m\u00eame du repas (or il est d\u2019usage d\u2019\u00eatre assis pour manger). De plus, en restant assis, le <em>meqadech <\/em>et tous les auditeurs se lient les uns aux autres, en une m\u00eame assembl\u00e9e. Certains Ashk\u00e9nazes apportent un suppl\u00e9ment de perfection \u00e0 la mitsva en se levant pour les versets de <em>Va\u00efkhoulou<\/em>, puis en s\u2019asseyant pour la suite du Qidouch (<em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 271, 46\u00a0; <em>Chemirat Chabbat Kehilkhata<\/em> 47, 28).<\/p>\n<p>Lors du Qidouch du jour, de l\u2019avis de tous, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de s\u2019asseoir, et tel est l\u2019usage de la majorit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s juives. Malgr\u00e9 cela, certains ont l\u2019usage de se lever, et il n\u2019y a pas d\u2019interdit \u00e0 cela.<\/p>\n<p>Bien qu\u2019une femme puisse, comme un homme, r\u00e9citer le Qidouch, il est de coutume que l\u2019homme le r\u00e9cite pour l\u2019ensemble de sa famille. Quand plusieurs p\u00e8res de famille prennent ensemble leur repas, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable que l\u2019un d\u2019entre eux r\u00e9cite le Qidouch pour tous, car \u00ab\u00a0c\u2019est dans un peuple nombreux que se manifeste la gloire du roi\u00a0\u00bb (Pr 14, 28\u00a0; <em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 167, 11).<\/p>\n<p>On a coutume de couvrir les pains (<em>\u2018halot<\/em>) au moment du Qidouch car, chaque fois que nous sommes en pr\u00e9sence de pain et de vin, et que nous voulons consommer des deux, il est de principe que nous devons d\u2019abord prononcer la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur le pain, qui est plus important que le vin. Or quand on doit dire le Qidouch, il faut faire pr\u00e9c\u00e9der le vin\u00a0; si bien que, pour ne pas d\u00e9roger \u00e0 la pr\u00e9s\u00e9ance, on recouvre les pains. De m\u00eame, quand on a face \u00e0 soi des p\u00e2tisseries au moment du Qidouch, on doit les recouvrir, car elles aussi ont priorit\u00e9 sur le vin. Quand on propose un Qidouch aux fid\u00e8les apr\u00e8s la pri\u00e8re du matin de Chabbat, quiconque a l\u2019intention de boire du vin apr\u00e8s le Qidouch doit recouvrir pr\u00e9alablement les g\u00e2teaux qui sont devant lui. Si l\u2019on n\u2019a pas l\u2019intention de boire du vin apr\u00e8s le Qidouch, on n\u2019a pas besoin de couvrir lesdits g\u00e2teaux (cf. <em>Chemirat Chabbat Kehilkhata <\/em>47, note 125). Suivant ce motif, il n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessaire de placer les pains sur la table au moment du Qidouch, et ce n\u2019est que s\u2019ils s\u2019y trouvent d\u00e9j\u00e0 que l\u2019on doit les couvrir.<\/p>\n<p>Certains avancent une raison suppl\u00e9mentaire \u00e0 la couverture des pains\u00a0: les deux <em>\u2018halot<\/em> du Chabbat font allusion \u00e0 la manne envoy\u00e9e \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl dans le d\u00e9sert\u00a0; or la manne \u00e9tait couverte de ros\u00e9e, au-dessus et en-dessous. C\u2019est en souvenir de cela que l\u2019on place les <em>\u2018halot<\/em> sur la nappe de la table et qu\u2019on les recouvre, par en haut, d\u2019un napperon. Se fondant sur ce motif, certains ont soin de placer les <em>\u2018halot<\/em> couvertes sur la table, avant le Qidouch, en souvenir de la manne, et certains ont coutume de maintenir couvertes les <em>\u2018halot<\/em> jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction des pains (<em>hamotsi<\/em>). Suivant ce m\u00eame motif, certains ont l\u2019usage de couvrir les <em>\u2018halot<\/em>, y compris avant le troisi\u00e8me repas, la <em>s\u00e9\u2019ouda chelichit<\/em> (<em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 271, 41\u00a0; <em>\u2018Aroukh Hachoul\u2019han<\/em> 271, 22).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La coutume la plus r\u00e9pandue consiste \u00e0 se tenir debout pendant le Qidouch du soir de Chabbat, car on y t\u00e9moigne de la Cr\u00e9ation du monde, or les t\u00e9moins doivent \u00eatre debout au moment de leur d\u00e9position. Rabbi Isaac Louria donne la m\u00eame directive, en se fondant sur la partie \u00e9sot\u00e9rique de la Torah (le [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-06"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>08. 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