{"id":392,"date":"2016-01-07T00:03:21","date_gmt":"2016-01-06T22:03:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=392"},"modified":"2017-07-19T11:20:09","modified_gmt":"2017-07-19T08:20:09","slug":"01-07-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-07-03\/","title":{"rendered":"03. Les deux pains (<em>l\u00e9\u2019hem michn\u00e9<\/em>)\u00a0; mani\u00e8re de rompre le pain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>C\u2019est une mitsva, le Chabbat, au moment de rompre le pain, que de prendre ensemble deux pains, en souvenir de la portion double de manne que recevaient nos anc\u00eatres dans le d\u00e9sert, le vendredi, \u00e0 l\u2019approche du Chabbat<sup><a href='#_te01ftn7_a' id='_te01ftnref7_a' class='aup1'>[a]<\/a><\/sup>. Cette double portion est appel\u00e9e par le Talmud <em>l\u00e9\u2019hem michn\u00e9<\/em>, \u00ab\u00a0pain en quantit\u00e9 double\u00a0\u00bb (<em>Chabbat<\/em> 117b). Et de fait, tout le Chabbat est marqu\u00e9 par la dualit\u00e9\u00a0: ses mitsvot, <em>zakhor<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0souviens-toi\u00a0\u00bb) et <em>chamor<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0garde\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0; ses sacrifices, deux agneaux sans d\u00e9faut\u00a0; la punition de sa transgression est double, et la r\u00e9tribution de son observance est double. Le pain que nous rompons, lui aussi est double, afin d\u2019exprimer la grandeur de ce jour, dont la dignit\u00e9 est double (d\u2019apr\u00e8s le <em>Yalqout Chim\u2019oni<\/em>, <em>Bechala\u2019h<\/em> 247, 261).<\/p>\n<p>La mitsva consiste, pour celui qui rompt le pain, \u00e0 saisir les deux pains au moment de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction <em>hamotsi<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0B\u00e9ni sois-Tu\u2026 qui fais sortir le pain de la terre\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0; mais il suffit ensuite de rompre l\u2019un des deux seulement car, par le fait d\u2019avoir tenu les deux pains au moment de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction, on aura accompli la mitsva de \u00ab\u00a0rompre le pain<em> \u00e0 partir de <\/em>deux miches\u00a0\u00bb. Telle est l\u2019opinion de Ma\u00efmonide et de Rachi, et c\u2019est en ce sens que se prononce le <em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> (274, 1). Certains d\u00e9cisionnaires estiment que la mitsva consiste \u00e0 rompre les deux pains\u00a0; telle \u00e9tait la coutume du <em>Chn\u00e9 Lou\u2019hot Habrit<\/em> et du Gaon de Vilna. Ceux qui veulent adopter cette coutume feront bien de se pr\u00e9parer des pains de petite taille, afin qu\u2019ils puissent les terminer au cours du repas. Mais la coutume g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement r\u00e9pandue est de ne rompre qu\u2019un pain.<\/p>\n<p>De nombreux usages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s quant \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re de disposer les pains au moment de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction. Certains ont l\u2019usage de les mettre l\u2019un sur l\u2019autre, puis de trancher celui du dessous (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh <\/em>274, 1). D\u2019autres ont l\u2019usage de trancher le pain du dessus (Rabbi Isaac Louria). D\u2019autres encore ont coutume de trancher le pain inf\u00e9rieur le soir, et le pain sup\u00e9rieur le jour (Rama ad loc.). Ceux qui rompent celui du dessous le rapprocheront d\u2019eux au moment de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction (en le faisant un peu d\u00e9passer par rapport \u00e0 celui du dessus, <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 274, 5). Certains ont encore coutume, se fondant sur Rabbi Isaac Louria, de disposer douze petits pains sur la table, \u00e0 chaque repas (<em>Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 262, 2).<\/p>\n<p>A priori, il faut veiller \u00e0 ce que les pains soient parfaitement entiers\u00a0; aussi, quand on trouve une \u00e9tiquette coll\u00e9e sur un pain achet\u00e9 dans le commerce, il ne faut pas la retirer avant de rompre celui-ci, afin que rien ne lui soit \u00f4t\u00e9. Quand on ne dispose pas de pains parfaitement entiers, on choisit ceux qui sont le moins entam\u00e9s. En cas de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, on peut aussi disposer un pain congel\u00e9 comme second pain (<em>Chemirat Chabbat Kehilkhata<\/em> 55, 12). Quand on n\u2019a pas de pains entiers, mais que l\u2019on poss\u00e8de deux sachets entiers de pain tranch\u00e9, on peut a posteriori r\u00e9citer la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur de tels pains, car certains auteurs estiment que, puisque tout un pain se trouve bien dans chaque sachet, et que le sachet en assemble toutes les parties, ce pain est assimilable \u00e0 un pain entier (<em>M\u00e9chiv Davar<\/em> 21). Si l\u2019on n\u2019a pas de pains entiers, mais seulement des tranches de pains, on r\u00e9citera la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur deux tranches (<em>Chemirat Chabbat Kehilkhata <\/em>55, 17).<\/p>\n<p>Au moment de rompre le pain du troisi\u00e8me repas (<em>s\u00e9\u2019ouda chelichit<\/em>), il faut \u00e9galement saisir deux pains, afin d\u2019exprimer la dualit\u00e9 du Chabbat (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 291, 4). Si l\u2019on ne dispose pas de deux pains, on saisira un unique pain entier, car \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de la manne, dans le d\u00e9sert, il restait \u00e0 nos anc\u00eatres un seul pain pour le troisi\u00e8me repas de Chabbat (Rama ad loc.).<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<a href='#_te01ftnref7_a' id='_te01ftn7_a'>[a]<\/a>. Traditionnellement, on prend des <em>\u2018halot<\/em>, pains tress\u00e9s \u00e0 deux branches ou davantage.\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u2019est une mitsva, le Chabbat, au moment de rompre le pain, que de prendre ensemble deux pains, en souvenir de la portion double de manne que recevaient nos anc\u00eatres dans le d\u00e9sert, le vendredi, \u00e0 l\u2019approche du Chabbat[a]. Cette double portion est appel\u00e9e par le Talmud l\u00e9\u2019hem michn\u00e9, \u00ab\u00a0pain en quantit\u00e9 double\u00a0\u00bb (Chabbat 117b). Et [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-07"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>03. Les deux pains (l\u00e9\u2019hem michn\u00e9)\u00a0; mani\u00e8re de rompre le pain - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-07-03\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"03. 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