{"id":3967,"date":"2014-04-02T00:05:11","date_gmt":"2014-04-01T21:05:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=3967"},"modified":"2018-11-12T10:37:50","modified_gmt":"2018-11-12T08:37:50","slug":"14-02-05","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/14-02-05\/","title":{"rendered":"05. La mitsva de la femme"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Comme nous l\u2019avons vu (\u00a7 5), bien que la mitsva du mariage (<em>nissou\u00efn<\/em>) et celle de l\u2019union charnelle (<em>mitsvat \u2018ona<\/em>) incombent, en tant qu\u2019obligation, \u00e0 l\u2019homme, la femme est pleinement associ\u00e9e \u00e0 leur accomplissement\u00a0; et s\u2019il n\u2019y a pas, de sa part, de r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de son mari, la mitsva se vide de son contenu. Par cons\u00e9quent, de m\u00eame que c\u2019est une mitsva pour l\u2019homme que d\u2019exprimer son amour et son d\u00e9sir \u00e0 son \u00e9pouse, de m\u00eame est-ce une mitsva pour la femme que d\u2019expliquer de tels sentiments. Et telle est la simple loi de nature, comme l\u2019enseignent les sages\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Il n\u2019est d\u2019autre d\u00e9sir ardent chez la femme que celui qu\u2019elle \u00e9prouve pour son mari, ainsi qu\u2019il est dit\u00a0: \u201cLa passion t\u2019attirera vers ton \u00e9poux\u201d (Gn 3, 16)\u00a0\u00bb (Gn Rabba 20, 7). Or ce d\u00e9sir est sanctifi\u00e9 car, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 lui, se r\u00e9v\u00e8le l\u2019amour entre \u00e9poux, et par lui le nom divin r\u00e9side entre eux (cf. ci-dessus, chap. 1 \u00a7 5)\u00a0; or cet amour est le symbole m\u00eame et l\u2019expression du lien unissant le Saint b\u00e9ni soit-Il \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Je suis \u00e0 mon bien-aim\u00e9, et son d\u00e9sir est sur moi\u00a0\u00bb (Ct 7, 11).<\/p>\n<p>Nous l\u2019avons vu, la mitsva \u00ab\u00a0Tu aimeras ton prochain comme toi-m\u00eame\u00a0\u00bb (Lv 19, 18), dont Rabbi Aqiba dit qu\u2019elle est le grand principe de la Torah (<em>Sifra <\/em>ad loc.) s\u2019accomplit le plus pleinement entre les membres du couple (Rabbi Isaac Louria, <em>S\u00e9fer Haliqoutim, \u2018Eqev<\/em>). Par cons\u00e9quent, la femme, elle aussi, doit r\u00e9jouir son mari par tout ce qu\u2019elle sait lui \u00eatre d\u00e9lice, et plus elle s\u2019y applique, plus grande est la mitsva qu\u2019elle accomplit.<\/p>\n<p>Plus leur amour et leur d\u00e9sir cro\u00eetra, plus parfaite sera leur union, et meilleurs seront les enfants qu\u2019ils m\u00e9riteront d\u2019engendrer (cf. ci-dessus, chap. 1 \u00a7 4, note 4). Le Maharal, dans <em>Guevourot Hachem<\/em> (43) \u00e9crit ainsi que, lorsque la femme d\u00e9sire tr\u00e8s ardemment son mari, elle se relie \u00e0 la racine de la vie et de l\u2019unit\u00e9, et, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cela, elle a le m\u00e9rite de donner naissance \u00e0 des enfants dot\u00e9s de qualit\u00e9s sup\u00e9rieures, dignes d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 la D\u00e9livrance et \u00e0 la libert\u00e9. C\u2019est \u00e0 ce propos que nos sages enseignent que, gr\u00e2ce au m\u00e9rite des femmes justes de cette g\u00e9n\u00e9ration [celle de l\u2019Exode], Isra\u00ebl fut d\u00e9livr\u00e9 d\u2019\u00c9gypte\u00a0\u00bb (<em>Sota<\/em> 11b)\u00a0: par le m\u00e9rite du d\u00e9sir ardent qu\u2019elles portaient \u00e0 leurs maris lors de la <em>mitsvat \u2018ona<\/em>, malgr\u00e9 toutes les difficult\u00e9s de la servitude, elles enfant\u00e8rent la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de la D\u00e9livrance (cf. ci-dessus, chap. 1 \u00a7 8).<\/p>\n<p>Afin d\u2019intensifier l\u2019amour, les femmes paraissent devant leurs \u00e9poux orn\u00e9es de bijoux. Ezra le scribe lui-m\u00eame autorisa les colporteurs \u00e0 vendre, dans les villes, des \u00e9pices et des bijoux sans que les habitants ne puissent les emp\u00eacher, \u00ab\u00a0afin de permettre que les femmes aient des bijoux, pour que leurs maris ne se d\u00e9go\u00fbtent pas d\u2019elles\u00a0\u00bb (<em>Baba Qama<\/em> 82b). Le Saint b\u00e9ni soit-Il, Lui-m\u00eame, embellit Eve et tressa ses cheveux, afin d\u2019attiser l\u2019amour d\u2019Adam, le premier homme, envers elle (<em>\u2018\u00c9rouvin<\/em> 18a). Le but essentiel des bijoux de la femme est d\u2019\u00e9veiller le d\u00e9sir de son mari (<em>Tan\u2019houma, Vayichla\u2019h<\/em> 12, <em>Ct Rabba<\/em> 1, 2). Rav Ha\u00ef Gaon \u00e9crit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Honnie soit la femme mari\u00e9e qui ne porte pas de bijoux, honnie soit la femme c\u00e9libataire qui porte des bijoux\u00a0\u00bb (<em>Cha\u2019ar\u00e9 Techouva La-Gu\u00e9onim<\/em> 84). \u00c0 ce qu\u2019il semble, l\u2019intention de ce texte porte sur ceux des bijoux qui \u00e9veillent la passion. Dans le m\u00eame temps, nous apprenons que le but essentiel des \u00e9pices, des bijoux et des beaux v\u00eatements, est d\u2019accro\u00eetre l\u2019amour entre \u00e9poux.<\/p>\n<p>Quand une femme n\u2019aime pas son \u00e9poux, n\u2019a pas de d\u00e9sir \u00e0 son \u00e9gard, ni ne se r\u00e9jouit de s\u2019unir \u00e0 lui, il se trouve qu\u2019elle le frustre de sa joie de vivre. Nos ma\u00eetres disent \u00e0 ce propos\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Une femme bonne, son bienfait n\u2019a point de fin\u00a0; mais si une femme est mauvaise, son mal n\u2019a point de fin \u00bb (<em>Midrach Tehilim <\/em>59). On raconte ainsi que Rabbi \u2018Hiya b\u00e9nit Rav et ses disciples, en leur souhaitant que Dieu les pr\u00e9serve de ce qui est plus dur encore que la mort\u00a0: une mauvaise femme\u00a0; comme il est dit\u00a0:\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Et je trouve plus amer encore que la mort\u00a0: la [mauvaise] femme\u2026\u00a0\u00bb (Ec 7, 26, <em>Yevamot<\/em> 63a) (cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, \u00a7 12, sur les difficult\u00e9s rencontr\u00e9es au cours de l\u2019union, du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la femme).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comme nous l\u2019avons vu (\u00a7 5), bien que la mitsva du mariage (nissou\u00efn) et celle de l\u2019union charnelle (mitsvat \u2018ona) incombent, en tant qu\u2019obligation, \u00e0 l\u2019homme, la femme est pleinement associ\u00e9e \u00e0 leur accomplissement\u00a0; et s\u2019il n\u2019y a pas, de sa part, de r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de son mari, la mitsva se vide de son [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[171],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-14-02"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>05. 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