{"id":413,"date":"2016-01-08T00:05:17","date_gmt":"2016-01-07T22:05:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=413"},"modified":"2017-07-19T12:34:05","modified_gmt":"2017-07-19T09:34:05","slug":"01-08-05","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-08-05\/","title":{"rendered":"05. Les parfums (bessamim<\/em>)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Nos sages prescrivent de r\u00e9citer, \u00e0 l\u2019issue de Chabbat, une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur des parfums et de respirer ceux-ci car, une fois le Chabbat termin\u00e9, la dimension suppl\u00e9mentaire de l\u2019\u00e2me (n\u00e9chama yetera<\/em>) se retire, et l\u2019\u00e2me s\u2019en attriste\u00a0; pour l\u2019aider \u00e0 se restaurer, on respire des plantes odorif\u00e9rantes, et l\u2019\u00e2me, disent nos ma\u00eetres, en tire du plaisir. M\u00eame si l\u2019on n\u2019\u00e9prouve pas de tristesse de ce que le Chabbat soit achev\u00e9, on tentera de prendre conscience, en sentant ces parfums, de la grandeur du Chabbat, grandeur telle que l\u2019on devrait \u00eatre affect\u00e9 de son ach\u00e8vement, au point de devoir recourir \u00e0 une bonne odeur pour revenir \u00e0 soi.<\/p>\n

On r\u00e9cite une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur les parfums \u00e0 l\u2019issue de Chabbat, mais non \u00e0 l\u2019issue des jours de f\u00eate, car ces derniers ne nous conf\u00e8rent pas une \u00e2me suppl\u00e9mentaire. De m\u00eame, quand, \u00e0 l\u2019issue de Chabbat, commence un jour de f\u00eate, on ne r\u00e9cite pas, dans la Havdala de fin de Chabbat, de b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur les parfums, car la joie du Yom tov,<\/em> et ses mets, sont propres \u00e0 nous rendre notre s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 491, 1 et Michna Beroura<\/em>).<\/p>\n

De m\u00eame, \u00e0 l\u2019issue de Kippour, on ne r\u00e9cite pas de b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur les parfums car, le jour de Kippour, on doit je\u00fbner, par cons\u00e9quent on n\u2019y re\u00e7oit pas d\u2019\u00e2me suppl\u00e9mentaire, et l\u2019on ne s\u2019afflige donc pas tellement de son ach\u00e8vement (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 624, 3).<\/p>\n

Tous les auditeurs de la Havdala doivent sentir les plantes odorif\u00e9rantes. L\u2019officiant doit donc attendre que tous les participants en respirent le parfum\u00a0; ce n\u2019est qu\u2019apr\u00e8s cela qu\u2019il passera \u00e0 la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction de la flamme. Si certains des participants n\u2019ont pas eu le temps de sentir ces plantes avant que l\u2019officiant ne r\u00e9cite la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction de la flamme, ils \u00e9couteront celle-ci, ainsi que la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Hamavdil<\/em>, et respireront les parfums seulement apr\u00e8s. Si l\u2019on est anosmique, on ne r\u00e9citera pas la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction des parfums (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 297, 5, Michna Beroura<\/em> 13\u00a0; Chemirat Chabbat Kehilkhata<\/em> 61, 8).<\/p>\n

Nos sages ont pr\u00e9vu, pour chaque cat\u00e9gorie de plante \u00e0 parfum, une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction particuli\u00e8re. Si la source de l\u2019odeur est un arbuste[d]<\/a><\/sup>, on dira\u00a0Baroukh\u2026 bor\u00e9 \u2018ats\u00e9 bessamim<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Sois lou\u00e9\u2026 qui cr\u00e9es les arbustes odorif\u00e9rants\u00a0\u00bb). Si la source est une herbe[e]<\/a><\/sup>: Bor\u00e9 \u2018isb\u00e9 bessamim<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0\u2026 qui cr\u00e9es les herbes odorif\u00e9rantes\u00a0\u00bb). Si c\u2019est un fruit\u00a0: Hanoten r\u00e9a\u2019h tov bap\u00e9rot<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0qui donnes une bonne odeur aux fruits\u00a0\u00bb). Pour une odeur d\u2019origine min\u00e9rale ou animale\u00a0: Bor\u00e9 min\u00e9 bessamim<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0qui cr\u00e9es diff\u00e9rentes sortes d\u2019odeur\u00a0\u00bb). N\u00e9anmoins, s\u2019agissant de la Havdala, les Ashk\u00e9nazes ont coutume de dire, quel que soit le type de parfum, Bor\u00e9 min\u00e9 bessamim<\/em>\u00a0; cela, parce que certaines personnes ne connaissent pas bien les diff\u00e9rents types de parfum et les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions qui s\u2019y rapportent\u00a0; or si l\u2019on se trompait, disant Bor\u00e9 \u2018isb\u00e9 bessamim<\/em> pour un arbuste, ou Bor\u00e9 \u2018ats\u00e9 bessamim<\/em> pour une herbe, on ne serait pas quitte de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction. On a donc l\u2019usage de dire Bor\u00e9 min\u00e9 bessamim<\/em>, car cette b\u00e9n\u00e9diction est, a posteriori, efficace pour toutes les sortes de parfum. La coutume des S\u00e9farades est de r\u00e9citer, lors de la Havdala, la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 la cat\u00e9gorie de parfum utilis\u00e9. Par exemple, sur le myrte ou le romarin, on dit \u2018Ats\u00e9 bessamim<\/em> (Michna Beroura<\/em> 216, 39\u00a0; 297, 1\u00a0; Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 297, 31\u00a0; Pnin\u00e9 Halakha, B\u00e9n\u00e9dictions<\/em> 14, 1\u00a0; 5).<\/p>\n

On ne dira la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction que sur un parfum destin\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9pandre une bonne odeur, mais non sur un parfum destin\u00e9 \u00e0 dissiper une mauvaise odeur, tel qu\u2019un d\u00e9odorant que l\u2019on place dans les toilettes, ou un d\u00e9odorant corporel qui masque l\u2019odeur de la transpiration (Pnin\u00e9 Halakha, B\u00e9n\u00e9dictions<\/em> 14, 3).<\/p>\n

Sur un parfum compos\u00e9 d\u2019essences synth\u00e9tiques, certains prescrivent de ne pas dire de b\u00e9n\u00e9diction car un tel m\u00e9lange n\u2019a, dans sa nature, aucune bonne odeur, et ce n\u2019est que par l\u2019effet d\u2019un traitement artificiel qu\u2019une bonne odeur est cr\u00e9\u00e9e. En pratique, il semble que, si l\u2019on veut r\u00e9citer la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Bor\u00e9 min\u00e9 bessamim<\/em> sur un tel parfum, on y soit autoris\u00e9 car, en d\u00e9finitive, les caract\u00e8res chimiques qui ont permis la cr\u00e9ation de cette bonne odeur ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9s par Dieu, et c\u2019est sur cela que porte la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction (Pnin\u00e9 Halakha, B\u00e9n\u00e9dictions<\/em> 14, 2-3, note 3).<\/p>\n

Certains embellissent encore la pratique en prenant, pour la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction, un c\u00e9drat sur lequel on avait accompli la mitsva des quatre esp\u00e8ces \u00e0 Soukot\u00a0: ayant servi \u00e0 l\u2019accomplissement d\u2019une mitsva, ce fruit convient particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction de la Havdala. On y plante des clous de girofle, gr\u00e2ce auxquels le parfum gagne en puissance et en tenue (selon le Rama 297, 4). Puisqu\u2019alors le parfum conjugue les facettes de deux sources odorif\u00e9rantes \u2013 le fruit et l\u2019arbuste \u2013, c\u2019est la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Bor\u00e9 min\u00e9 bessamim<\/em> que l\u2019on r\u00e9citera, d\u2019apr\u00e8s toutes les coutumes (Michna Beroura<\/em> 216, 39).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

[d]<\/a>. \u00a0C\u2019est le cas par exemple de la rose ou de myrte. Pour les clous de girofle, on dit \u00e9galement Bor\u00e9 \u2018ats\u00e9 bessamim<\/em> (cf Pnin\u00e9 halakha, B\u00e9n\u00e9dictions<\/em> 14, 5).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[e]<\/a>. \u00a0Par exemple des feuilles de menthe ou de basilic.\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nos sages prescrivent de r\u00e9citer, \u00e0 l\u2019issue de Chabbat, une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur des parfums et de respirer ceux-ci car, une fois le Chabbat termin\u00e9, la dimension suppl\u00e9mentaire de l\u2019\u00e2me (n\u00e9chama yetera) se retire, et l\u2019\u00e2me s\u2019en attriste\u00a0; pour l\u2019aider \u00e0 se restaurer, on respire des plantes odorif\u00e9rantes, et l\u2019\u00e2me, disent nos ma\u00eetres, en tire […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-01-08"],"yoast_head":"\n05. Les parfums (bessamim) - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-08-05\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"05. Les parfums (bessamim) - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nos sages prescrivent de r\u00e9citer, \u00e0 l\u2019issue de Chabbat, une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur des parfums et de respirer ceux-ci car, une fois le Chabbat termin\u00e9, la dimension suppl\u00e9mentaire de l\u2019\u00e2me (n\u00e9chama yetera) se retire, et l\u2019\u00e2me s\u2019en attriste\u00a0; pour l\u2019aider \u00e0 se restaurer, on respire des plantes odorif\u00e9rantes, et l\u2019\u00e2me, disent nos ma\u00eetres, en tire […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-08-05\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-01-07T22:05:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-07-19T09:34:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-08-05\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-08-05\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"orah765768\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b\"},\"headline\":\"05. Les parfums (bessamim)\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-01-07T22:05:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-07-19T09:34:05+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-08-05\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":954,\"articleSection\":[\"Chapitre 08- Havdala et issue de Chabbat\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-08-05\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-08-05\\\/\",\"name\":\"05. Les parfums (bessamim) - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2016-01-07T22:05:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-07-19T09:34:05+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-08-05\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-08-05\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/01-08-05\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u05d3\u05e3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"05. Les parfums (bessamim)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\",\"description\":\"Rav Eli\u00e9zer Melamed\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b\",\"name\":\"orah765768\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0fdb49d8a411a6adc7129873884ffe72812892b9141dc21fe63bbadcaf2d84f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0fdb49d8a411a6adc7129873884ffe72812892b9141dc21fe63bbadcaf2d84f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0fdb49d8a411a6adc7129873884ffe72812892b9141dc21fe63bbadcaf2d84f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"orah765768\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/orah765768\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"05. Les parfums (bessamim) - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-08-05\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"05. Les parfums (bessamim) - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","og_description":"\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nos sages prescrivent de r\u00e9citer, \u00e0 l\u2019issue de Chabbat, une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur des parfums et de respirer ceux-ci car, une fois le Chabbat termin\u00e9, la dimension suppl\u00e9mentaire de l\u2019\u00e2me (n\u00e9chama yetera) se retire, et l\u2019\u00e2me s\u2019en attriste\u00a0; pour l\u2019aider \u00e0 se restaurer, on respire des plantes odorif\u00e9rantes, et l\u2019\u00e2me, disent nos ma\u00eetres, en tire […]","og_url":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-08-05\/","og_site_name":"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","article_published_time":"2016-01-07T22:05:17+00:00","article_modified_time":"2017-07-19T09:34:05+00:00","author":"orah765768","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"orah765768","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-08-05\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-08-05\/"},"author":{"name":"orah765768","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b"},"headline":"05. Les parfums (bessamim)","datePublished":"2016-01-07T22:05:17+00:00","dateModified":"2017-07-19T09:34:05+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-08-05\/"},"wordCount":954,"articleSection":["Chapitre 08- Havdala et issue de Chabbat"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-08-05\/","url":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-08-05\/","name":"05. Les parfums (bessamim) - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2016-01-07T22:05:17+00:00","dateModified":"2017-07-19T09:34:05+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-08-05\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-08-05\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/01-08-05\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u05d3\u05e3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea","item":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"05. Les parfums (bessamim)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/","name":"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","description":"Rav Eli\u00e9zer Melamed","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b","name":"orah765768","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0fdb49d8a411a6adc7129873884ffe72812892b9141dc21fe63bbadcaf2d84f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0fdb49d8a411a6adc7129873884ffe72812892b9141dc21fe63bbadcaf2d84f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0fdb49d8a411a6adc7129873884ffe72812892b9141dc21fe63bbadcaf2d84f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"orah765768"},"url":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/author\/orah765768\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=413"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/413\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}