{"id":4574,"date":"2000-12-02T00:10:12","date_gmt":"2000-12-01T22:10:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=4574"},"modified":"2021-05-03T11:38:52","modified_gmt":"2021-05-03T08:38:52","slug":"12-02-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/12-02-10\/","title":{"rendered":"10 – Lecture des m\u00e9guilot<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nos sages disent, dans une bara\u00eftha<\/em> du trait\u00e9 Soferim<\/em> (14, 1), qu\u2019au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e on lit les cinq m\u00e9guilot<\/em>[g]<\/a><\/sup> (rouleaux)\u00a0: Chir hachirim<\/em> (le Cantique des cantiques) \u00e0 Pessa\u2019h, Ruth \u00e0 Chavou\u2019ot, Eikha<\/em> (les Lamentations) le 9 av, Qoh\u00e9let<\/em> (l\u2019Eccl\u00e9siaste) \u00e0 Soukot, Esther \u00e0 Pourim\u00a0; et l\u2019on prononce avant leur lecture la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction \u2018Al miqra m\u00e9guila<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0B\u00e9ni sois-Tu\u2026 qui nous as sanctifi\u00e9s par tes commandements et nous a prescrit la lecture de la M\u00e9guila\u00a0\u00bb). C\u2019est ce qu\u2019\u00e9crivent, en pratique, les grands Richonim du monde ashk\u00e9naze (Ma\u2019hzor <\/em>de Vitry, Hagahot Ma\u00efmoniot<\/em> au nom du Maharam, Or Zaroua\u2019<\/em>, Chibol\u00e9 Hal\u00e9qet<\/em>, Maharil).<\/p>\n

Toutefois, de nombreux auteurs ont \u00e9mis des doutes \u00e0 ce sujet, car, en dehors du rouleau d\u2019Esther, nous ne trouvons pas, dans le Talmud, qu\u2019il faille lire les m\u00e9guilot<\/em>, et \u00e0 plus forte raison ne trouvons-nous pas qu\u2019il faille dire une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur une telle lecture. Telle est la consigne des grands ma\u00eetres s\u00e9farades que de ne point dire de b\u00e9n\u00e9diction pour cette lecture\u00a0; et telle est la coutume de tous les S\u00e9farades (Radbaz VI 2091, Beit Yossef <\/em>559, 2).<\/p>\n

S\u2019agissant du rite ashk\u00e9naze, de nombreux auteurs estiment que, en raison du doute, il est juste de ne pas dire la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur la lecture des quatre m\u00e9guilot<\/em> (autres qu\u2019Esther) (Rama 490, 9, Tour\u00e9 Zahav<\/em> 6, Peri M\u00e9gadim<\/em>, \u2018Hoq Ya\u2019aqov<\/em>). Tel est aujourd\u2019hui l\u2019usage de tous les \u2018Hassidim, qui prient selon le rituel sfard<\/em>, et d\u2019une partie de ceux qui prient selon le rituel ashk\u00e9naze. D\u2019autres pensent qu\u2019il faut dire la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction (Levouch<\/em>, Ba\u00eft \u2018Hadach<\/em>, Maguen Avraham<\/em> 490, 9, Gaon de Vilna). Tel est l\u2019usage des membres du vieux yichouv<\/em> de J\u00e9rusalem, fond\u00e9 par les disciples du Gaon de Vilna. C\u2019est aussi l\u2019usage de nombreux Juifs d\u2019origine lituanienne. Ceux qui ont coutume de dire la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction ont soin de lire la m\u00e9guila <\/em>dans un v\u00e9ritable rouleau de parchemin (d\u2019apr\u00e8s les responsa du Rama 35, Michna Beroura<\/em> 490, 19).<\/p>\n

Nombre de ceux dont la coutume est de r\u00e9citer la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction relative \u00e0 la m\u00e9guila<\/em> r\u00e9citent aussi, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de sa lecture, la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Ch\u00e9h\u00e9\u2019h\u00e9yanou<\/em> (Levouch<\/em>, Gaon de Vilna). Nombreux sont ceux qui s\u2019en sont \u00e9tonn\u00e9s, car, au trait\u00e9 Soferim<\/em>, les sages ne mentionnent pas cette b\u00e9n\u00e9diction\u00a0; et la majorit\u00e9 des A\u2019haronim n\u2019en font pas mention dans notre cas. Il est donc juste que ceux qui ont coutume de la r\u00e9citer portent, \u00e0 cette occasion, un v\u00eatement neuf\u00a0; alors, ils pourront r\u00e9citer Ch\u00e9h\u00e9\u2019h\u00e9yanou<\/em> d\u2019apr\u00e8s toutes les opinions.<\/p>\n

En un lieu o\u00f9 prient ensemble des fid\u00e8les originaires de diff\u00e9rentes communaut\u00e9s, il est bon de lire la m\u00e9guila<\/em> sur parchemin, et que l\u2019un de ceux qui ont coutume de dire la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction \u2018Al miqra m\u00e9guila<\/em> la dise \u00e0 haute voix, tandis que tous ceux qui l\u2019entendent r\u00e9pondront amen<\/em>. De cette fa\u00e7on, on sera quitte, selon tous les d\u00e9cisionnaires.<\/p>\n

La coutume ashk\u00e9naze est de lire le Cantique des cantiques (Chir hachirim<\/em>) le Chabbat de Pessa\u2019h, et Qoh\u00e9let<\/em> le Chabbat de Soukot\u00a0; \u00e0 Chavou\u2019ot, on lit Ruth. Les m\u00e9guilot<\/em> se lisent avant la lecture de la Torah.<\/p>\n

Selon les coutumes s\u00e9farade et y\u00e9m\u00e9nite, on lit la m\u00e9guila<\/em> de Ruth peu avant l\u2019office de Min\u2019ha\u00a0; mais si l\u2019on en a d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait la lecture dans le Tiqoun<\/em> de la nuit de Chavou\u2019ot, il n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessaire de la r\u00e9p\u00e9ter avant Min\u2019ha (cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, chap. 13 \u00a7 12).<\/p>\n

Dans leur majorit\u00e9, les S\u00e9farades n\u2019ont pas coutume de lire la m\u00e9guila<\/em> de Qoh\u00e9let<\/em>. Les Y\u00e9m\u00e9nites en lisent une partie peu avant l\u2019office de Min\u2019ha de Chabbat \u2018Hol hamo\u2019ed, et l\u2019autre partie au cours du dernier Yom tov[h]<\/a><\/sup>. C\u2019est aussi l\u2019usage y\u00e9m\u00e9nite quant au Cantique des cantiques\u00a0: une partie se lit le Chabbat, une autre le dernier Yom tov[i]<\/a><\/sup>. Les S\u00e9farades, ainsi que de nombreux fid\u00e8les de toutes les communaut\u00e9s, ont coutume de lire le Cantique des cantiques \u00e0 la fin de la Haggada de Pessa\u2019h.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[g]<\/a>. Plur. de m\u00e9guila<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[h]<\/a>. Chemini \u2018Ats\u00e9ret.<\/p>\n

[i]<\/a>. Chevi\u2019i chel Pessa\u2019h.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nos sages disent, dans une bara\u00eftha du trait\u00e9 Soferim (14, 1), qu\u2019au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e on lit les cinq m\u00e9guilot[g] (rouleaux)\u00a0: Chir hachirim (le Cantique des cantiques) \u00e0 Pessa\u2019h, Ruth \u00e0 Chavou\u2019ot, Eikha (les Lamentations) le 9 av, Qoh\u00e9let (l\u2019Eccl\u00e9siaste) \u00e0 Soukot, Esther \u00e0 Pourim\u00a0; et l\u2019on prononce avant leur lecture la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction \u2018Al miqra […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[192],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12-02"],"yoast_head":"\n10 - Lecture des m\u00e9guilot - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/12-02-10\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"10 - Lecture des m\u00e9guilot - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nos sages disent, dans une bara\u00eftha du trait\u00e9 Soferim (14, 1), qu\u2019au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e on lit les cinq m\u00e9guilot[g] (rouleaux)\u00a0: Chir hachirim (le Cantique des cantiques) \u00e0 Pessa\u2019h, Ruth \u00e0 Chavou\u2019ot, Eikha (les Lamentations) le 9 av, Qoh\u00e9let (l\u2019Eccl\u00e9siaste) \u00e0 Soukot, Esther \u00e0 Pourim\u00a0; 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