{"id":4616,"date":"2000-12-04T00:07:46","date_gmt":"2000-12-03T22:07:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=4616"},"modified":"2021-05-06T13:52:18","modified_gmt":"2021-05-06T10:52:18","slug":"12-04-07","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/12-04-07\/","title":{"rendered":"07 – L\u2019abattage, de nos jours"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 partir de l\u2019\u00e9poque des A\u2019haronim, on a pris coutume, en de nombreuses contr\u00e9es, de ne plus abattre d\u2019animaux (bovins ou ovins) le Yom tov. Il y a deux raisons principales \u00e0 cela\u00a0: la premi\u00e8re est la crainte que la viande ne soit commercialis\u00e9e\u00a0; la seconde est le grand nombre d\u2019animaux invalides, du point de vue des lois de la cacheroute. D\u00e9veloppons quelque peu ces deux points\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Jadis les Juifs, dans leur majorit\u00e9, vivaient dans des villages et se livraient \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9levage. Ils savaient \u00e9gorger les b\u00eates pour les besoins alimentaires de leurs familles. Les jours de f\u00eate, plusieurs voisins s\u2019organisaient pour \u00e9gorger un mouton, en ayant soin de ne parler ni d\u2019argent ni de poids. On se rappelait simplement quel morceau chacun avait pris, et, \u00e0 l\u2019issue du Yom tov, on estimait sa valeur et l\u2019on payait ledit morceau au propri\u00e9taire de l\u2019animal (Beitsa<\/em> 27b, Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 500, 1, Les Lois de Chabbat<\/em> II 22, 3). Mais \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque des A\u2019haronim, la che\u2019hita<\/em> devint l\u2019apanage de bouchers, qui achetaient des b\u00eates et les \u00e9gorgeaient pour tous les habitants de la ville. Pour les besoins du Yom tov, ils devaient abattre de nombreux animaux et en distribuer la viande \u00e0 de nombreuses personnes. Et comme ils ne pouvaient se souvenir, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019issue de la f\u00eate, combien de viande avait pris chacun, ils risquaient d\u2019en venir \u00e0 un commerce de masse, interdit par la Torah (cf. Les Lois de Chabbat<\/em> II 22, 2-3).<\/p>\n

Le second probl\u00e8me est que, dans divers lieux, les cas d\u2019adh\u00e9rences pulmonaires \u00e9taient nombreux, au point que, parfois, la moiti\u00e9 des b\u00eates s\u2019av\u00e9raient tar\u00e8fes <\/em>(non cach\u00e8res). Certes, de l\u2019avis de nombreux d\u00e9cisionnaires, il est permis, m\u00eame dans une telle situation, de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019abattage, le Yom tov (Ma\u00efmonide, Roch, Rachba, Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 498, 8). Mais certains d\u00e9cisionnaires sont rigoureux en la mati\u00e8re, puisqu\u2019il existe un s\u00e9rieux risque que la b\u00eate soit trouv\u00e9e tar\u00e8fe<\/em>, et que la m\u00e9lakha<\/em> d\u2019abattage s\u2019av\u00e8re n\u2019avoir point \u00e9t\u00e9 faite pour les besoins alimentaires (Or Zaroua\u2019<\/em>, Rabbi Aaron Hal\u00e9vi et Rabb\u00e9nou Nissim).<\/p>\n

Par cons\u00e9quent, de nombreux A\u2019haronim ont prescrit de ne pas abattre de behemot<\/em> (b\u0153ufs, veaux, moutons, ch\u00e8vres\u2026) le Yom tov. Mais quant aux volailles, on a gard\u00e9 coutume de les \u00e9gorger, m\u00eame durant la p\u00e9riode des A\u2019haronim. En effet, puisqu\u2019elles sont petites, il n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessaire de distribuer leur viande \u00e0 plusieurs familles\u00a0; d\u00e8s lors, il \u00e9tait moins \u00e0 craindre qu\u2019on en v\u00eent au commerce de leur viande. De plus, la proportion d\u2019animaux tar\u00e8fes <\/em>parmi les volailles est moindre de beaucoup (Maguen Avraham<\/em> 498, 16, Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh Harav<\/em> 16, Michna Beroura<\/em> 498, 49, Roua\u2019h \u2018Ha\u00efm<\/em> 497, 2).<\/p>\n

De nos jours, o\u00f9 il est loisible de conserver la viande au r\u00e9frig\u00e9rateur, il n\u2019est plus d\u2019usage d\u2019\u00e9gorger des volailles non plus, cela, afin d\u2019\u00e9viter le grand effort que requi\u00e8rent l\u2019abattage, l\u2019examen de la b\u00eate, le d\u00e9pe\u00e7age et le salage.<\/p>\n

Certes, quand il existe une grande n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, il est permis, de nos jours encore, d\u2019abattre une b\u00eate pendant Yom tov. Par cons\u00e9quent, si l\u2019une de ses b\u00eates est pr\u00e8s de mourir, il est permis de se h\u00e2ter de l\u2019abattre le Yom tov, afin de ne pas en perdre la viande[g]<\/a><\/sup>; cela, \u00e0 condition d\u2019avoir encore le temps de pr\u00e9parer, \u00e0 partir de sa chair, un kaza\u00eft<\/em> de viande grill\u00e9e, et de le manger pendant Yom tov (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 498, 6, Maguen Avraham<\/em> 16, \u2018Hay\u00e9 Adam<\/em> 89, 6\u00a0; il est \u00e9galement permis, dans un tel cas, d\u2019abattre une vache destin\u00e9e \u00e0 la traite laiti\u00e8re, comme nous le verrons ci-apr\u00e8s, chap. 6 \u00a7 6).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[g]<\/a>. Car si elle mourait sans \u00eatre abattue, elle ne serait plus cach\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 partir de l\u2019\u00e9poque des A\u2019haronim, on a pris coutume, en de nombreuses contr\u00e9es, de ne plus abattre d\u2019animaux (bovins ou ovins) le Yom tov. Il y a deux raisons principales \u00e0 cela\u00a0: la premi\u00e8re est la crainte que la viande ne soit commercialis\u00e9e\u00a0; la seconde est le grand nombre d\u2019animaux invalides, du point de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[193],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12-04"],"yoast_head":"\n07 - L\u2019abattage, de nos jours - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/12-04-07\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"07 - L\u2019abattage, de nos jours - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00c0 partir de l\u2019\u00e9poque des A\u2019haronim, on a pris coutume, en de nombreuses contr\u00e9es, de ne plus abattre d\u2019animaux (bovins ou ovins) le Yom tov. 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