{"id":4786,"date":"2000-12-13T00:06:55","date_gmt":"2000-12-12T22:06:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=4786"},"modified":"2021-05-10T11:32:28","modified_gmt":"2021-05-10T08:32:28","slug":"12-13-06","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/12-13-06\/","title":{"rendered":"06 &#8211; <em>\u2018Ats\u00e9ret<\/em>, f\u00eate de cl\u00f4ture"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dans la terminologie des sages du Talmud, la f\u00eate de Chavou\u2019ot est appel\u00e9e \u2018Ats\u00e9ret (\u00ab\u00a0cl\u00f4ture\u00a0\u00bb). De prime abord, cela semble \u00e9tonnant\u00a0: dans la Torah, ne trouve-t-on pas ce nom, \u2018Ats\u00e9ret, appliqu\u00e9 au dernier jour de Pessa\u2019h, d\u2019une part, et bien s\u00fbr \u00e0 Chemini \u2018Ats\u00e9ret, qui suit imm\u00e9diatement Soukot\u00a0? Pourquoi les sages modifient-ils l\u2019usage biblique et appellent-ils aussi \u2018Ats\u00e9ret la f\u00eate de Chavou\u2019ot\u00a0? Afin de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette question, il nous faut d\u2019abord r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir au sens du mot <em>\u2018ats\u00e9ret<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u2018Ats\u00e9ret<\/em> est proche de <em>\u2018atsara<\/em> (r\u00e9union publique)\u00a0: de nombreuses personnes cessent toute occupation, se rassemblent avec solennit\u00e9, recueillent et int\u00e8grent le contenu de la r\u00e9union. Aussi est-il compr\u00e9hensible que, \u00e0 l\u2019issue de la f\u00eate de Pessa\u2019h et de celle de Soukot, la Torah ait ordonn\u00e9 de c\u00e9l\u00e9brer un Yom tov, afin que tous les p\u00e8lerins se rassemblassent solennellement autour du Temple, pour une r\u00e9union de conclusion et de s\u00e9paration. Par cela, ils recueillent et pr\u00e9servent en leur c\u0153ur l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de ces jours saints que sont les jours de f\u00eate. Celui-l\u00e0 m\u00eame qui n\u2019a pas eu le m\u00e9rite de faire le p\u00e8lerinage de J\u00e9rusalem doit <em>cesser <\/em>son travail, au dernier Yom tov, et th\u00e9sauriser en son c\u0153ur tous les fruits spirituels et toute la joie qu\u2019il aura atteints durant la f\u00eate, afin que ceux-ci le renforcent et l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8vent, tout au long des jours profanes qui s\u2019annoncent.<\/p>\n<p>D\u2019apr\u00e8s cela, il n\u2019y eut pas plus grand jour de \u2018Ats\u00e9ret au monde que la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation du Sina\u00ef, o\u00f9 tout Isra\u00ebl se rassembla, en une pleine unit\u00e9, pour recevoir la Torah\u00a0; ainsi qu\u2019il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Et Isra\u00ebl campa l\u00e0, face \u00e0 la montagne\u00a0\u00bb (Ex 19, 2), ce que nos sages commentent\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Comme un seul homme, d\u2019un seul c\u0153ur\u00a0\u00bb. En effet, lors de toutes les stations d\u2019Isra\u00ebl dans le d\u00e9sert, c\u2019est le pluriel qui est employ\u00e9 \u2013 car en toute collectivit\u00e9, il y a toujours des controverses et des disputes \u2013\u00a0; ce n\u2019est qu\u2019en cette occurrence, face \u00e0 la montagne, que gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019intention des Isra\u00e9lites de recevoir la Torah, ils devinrent tous unis, ce que signale le singulier\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Isra\u00ebl campa\u00a0\u00bb. Rabbi Aqiba dit \u00e0 ce propos\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u201cTu aimeras ton prochain comme toi-m\u00eame\u201d\u00a0\u00bb, c\u2019est l\u00e0 un grand principe de la Torah\u00a0\u00bb (<em>Sifra, Qedochim<\/em>). Car, par la Torah, se r\u00e9v\u00e8lent l\u2019amour et l\u2019unit\u00e9 scellant le peuple d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, de m\u00eame que c\u2019est par l\u2019unit\u00e9 que se r\u00e9v\u00e8le la Torah. Et ce n\u2019est pas seulement l\u2019Isra\u00ebl de cette g\u00e9n\u00e9ration qui se tint pr\u00e8s du mont Sina\u00ef, mais toutes les \u00e2mes d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, de toutes les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations, de m\u00eame que la racine des \u00e2mes de tous les pros\u00e9lytes, se rassembl\u00e8rent pr\u00e8s du mont Sina\u00ef et re\u00e7urent la Torah. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cela, la souillure induite par la faute d\u2019Adam, le premier homme, se d\u00e9tacha d\u2019eux (cf. <em>Chabbat<\/em> 146a).\u00a0 De fait, la Torah elle-m\u00eame nomme le jour du don de la Torah\u00a0: <em>yom haqahal<\/em>, jour de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le jour de r\u00e9union de toute l\u2019assembl\u00e9e\u00a0; comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u2026 toutes les paroles que vous dit l\u2019\u00c9ternel sur la montagne, du sein du feu, au jour de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 9, 10\u00a0; \u00e9galement 10, 14 et 18, 16).<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, le nom m\u00eame de Chavou\u2019ot (les <em>semaines<\/em>) exprime la notion de <em>\u2018ats\u00e9ret<\/em>, puisqu\u2019il signifie la conclusion et le rassemblement de tous les degr\u00e9s acquis au cours du compte des sept semaines. Et puisque le compte commence \u00e0 Pessa\u2019h, il se trouve que Chavou\u2019ot r\u00e9sume et scelle le processus \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre depuis Pessa\u2019h.<\/p>\n<p>On comprend donc que, en appelant <em>\u2018Ats\u00e9ret<\/em> la f\u00eate de Chavou\u2019ot, les sages n\u2019ont rien chang\u00e9. Car en v\u00e9rit\u00e9, se trouvent en Chavou\u2019ot les notions de rassemblement et de conclusion. Simplement, la Torah a mis l\u2019accent, par le nom de \u2018hag ha-Chavou\u2019ot, sur les pr\u00e9paratifs d\u2019Isra\u00ebl \u00e0 l\u2019approche du don de la Torah\u00a0; tandis que les sages, par le nom de \u2018Ats\u00e9ret, ont insist\u00e9 sur le rassemblement des Isra\u00e9lites afin de recevoir l\u2019abondance que le Saint b\u00e9ni soit-Il nous dispense apr\u00e8s l\u2019ach\u00e8vement du compte de l\u2019<em>omer<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans la terminologie des sages du Talmud, la f\u00eate de Chavou\u2019ot est appel\u00e9e \u2018Ats\u00e9ret (\u00ab\u00a0cl\u00f4ture\u00a0\u00bb). De prime abord, cela semble \u00e9tonnant\u00a0: dans la Torah, ne trouve-t-on pas ce nom, \u2018Ats\u00e9ret, appliqu\u00e9 au dernier jour de Pessa\u2019h, d\u2019une part, et bien s\u00fbr \u00e0 Chemini \u2018Ats\u00e9ret, qui suit imm\u00e9diatement Soukot\u00a0? Pourquoi les sages modifient-ils l\u2019usage biblique et [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12-13"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>06 - \u2018Ats\u00e9ret, f\u00eate de cl\u00f4ture - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/12-13-06\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"06 - \u2018Ats\u00e9ret, f\u00eate de cl\u00f4ture - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dans la terminologie des sages du Talmud, la f\u00eate de Chavou\u2019ot est appel\u00e9e \u2018Ats\u00e9ret (\u00ab\u00a0cl\u00f4ture\u00a0\u00bb). De prime abord, cela semble \u00e9tonnant\u00a0: dans la Torah, ne trouve-t-on pas ce nom, \u2018Ats\u00e9ret, appliqu\u00e9 au dernier jour de Pessa\u2019h, d\u2019une part, et bien s\u00fbr \u00e0 Chemini \u2018Ats\u00e9ret, qui suit imm\u00e9diatement Soukot\u00a0? 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De prime abord, cela semble \u00e9tonnant\u00a0: dans la Torah, ne trouve-t-on pas ce nom, \u2018Ats\u00e9ret, appliqu\u00e9 au dernier jour de Pessa\u2019h, d\u2019une part, et bien s\u00fbr \u00e0 Chemini \u2018Ats\u00e9ret, qui suit imm\u00e9diatement Soukot\u00a0? 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