{"id":4919,"date":"2001-01-02T00:15:23","date_gmt":"2001-01-01T22:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=4919"},"modified":"2021-08-15T21:17:33","modified_gmt":"2021-08-15T18:17:33","slug":"13-02-15","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-02-15\/","title":{"rendered":"15.Une belle souka"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u2019est une mitsva que de construire une jolie souka, d\u00e9cor\u00e9e et agr\u00e9able, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est mon Dieu et je le glorifierai\u00a0(anv\u00e9hou<\/em>) \u00bb (Ex 15, 2), ce que les sages \u00e9laborent\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Pare-toi[h]<\/a><\/sup> de mitsvot devant Lui\u00a0; fais en son honneur une belle souka, un beau loulav<\/em>\u2026\u00a0\u00bb (Chabbat<\/em> 133b). Et ainsi pour toutes les mitsvot.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque talmudique, on avait coutume de d\u00e9corer la souka avec des tentures color\u00e9es et des draps orn\u00e9s de dessins, et en suspendant au sekhakh<\/em> des fruits, tels que des noix, p\u00eaches, amandes, grenades, grappes de raisin, bouquets d\u2019\u00e9pis, et des ustensiles de verre emplis de vin, d\u2019huile et de fine farine (Chabbat<\/em> 22a). Il \u00e9tait interdit de les manger pendant toute la dur\u00e9e de la f\u00eate, puisqu\u2019ils avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 part en vue de la mitsva de d\u00e9corer la souka\u00a0; ce n\u2019est que si l\u2019on avait, avant la f\u00eate, \u00e9mis la condition selon laquelle on pourrait les manger \u00e0 volont\u00e9, que l\u2019on \u00e9tait autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 les manger pendant la f\u00eate (comme nous le verrons au prochain paragraphe). De nos jours, on a moins l\u2019usage de d\u00e9corer la souka avec des aliments\u00a0; on a coutume de la d\u00e9corer avec des guirlandes de papier ou de plastique, des fleurs de papier, de beaux tableaux et des ampoules \u00e9lectriques. De m\u00eame, on dresse une belle nappe sur la table, et l\u2019on dispose dans la souka de beaux ustensiles.<\/p>\n

Les d\u00e9cisionnaires sont partag\u00e9s quant au fait de savoir s\u2019il est permis de d\u00e9corer la souka de versets, tels que\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Dans des cabanes vous r\u00e9siderez sept jours durant\u00a0\u00bb (Lv 23, 42). Certains l\u2019interdisent, car ce n\u2019est que pour une grande n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude, que les sages ont autoris\u00e9 la reproduction de parties de la Torah (Tour\u00e9 Zahav<\/em>, Michna Beroura <\/em>638, 24). D\u2019autres l\u2019autorisent, car il y a \u00e0 cela un int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e9ducatif (Sift\u00e9 Cohen<\/em>, Ben\u00e9 Yona<\/em>). En pratique, on peut \u00eatre indulgent, \u00e0 condition de ne pas \u00e9crire les versets dans des caract\u00e8res qui seraient valides pour un rouleau de la Torah (selon Rabb\u00e9nou Yerou\u2019ham et le Tachbets<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Cela fait partie de l\u2019embellissement de la mitsva que d\u2019\u00e9riger une souka spacieuse, o\u00f9 l\u2019on soit prot\u00e9g\u00e9 du vent et du soleil, afin qu\u2019il soit agr\u00e9able d\u2019y s\u00e9journer.<\/p>\n

Il faut avoir soin de ne pas laisser dans la souka des ustensiles de table sales, et de ne pas y faire de choses qui ne soient honorables \u2013 comme la lessive, ou changer la couche d\u2019un b\u00e9b\u00e9 (cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, chap. 3 \u00a7 2).<\/p>\n

Il est interdit de mettre, parmi le sekhakh<\/em>, des plantes dont l\u2019odeur est mauvaise, ou qui perdent leurs feuilles, de crainte que, \u00e0 cause de la mauvaise odeur ou de la chute des feuilles, on n\u2019en vienne \u00e0 d\u00e9laisser la souka et \u00e0 rentrer \u00e0 la maison (Souka <\/em>12). Cependant, a posteriori, si l\u2019on a mis de telles plantes, la souka est valide. Mais si l\u2019odeur est si mauvaise que les gens ne peuvent la supporter, la souka est toraniquement invalide, puisqu\u2019elle ne convient pas \u00e0 l\u2019habitation humaine (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 629, 14, Michna Beroura<\/em> 38).<\/p>\n

Il faut pr\u00e9venir les incendies dans la souka, en n\u2019y laissant pas de bougies, ni d\u2019installations \u00e9lectriques non s\u00fbres, et en \u00e9loignant les ampoules \u00e9lectriques du sekhakh<\/em> (cf. Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 639, 1, Michna Beroura<\/em> 8).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
[h]<\/a>. Le jeu de mot midrachique repose sur le double sens de la racine \u05e0.\u05d5.\u05d4, glorifier, mais aussi orner, parer. Comment \u00ab\u00a0orner\u00a0\u00bb Dieu\u00a0? En se parant soi-m\u00eame de mitsvot accomplies de la plus belle fa\u00e7on.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u2019est une mitsva que de construire une jolie souka, d\u00e9cor\u00e9e et agr\u00e9able, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est mon Dieu et je le glorifierai\u00a0(anv\u00e9hou) \u00bb (Ex 15, 2), ce que les sages \u00e9laborent\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Pare-toi[h] de mitsvot devant Lui\u00a0; fais en son honneur une belle souka, un beau loulav\u2026\u00a0\u00bb (Chabbat 133b). Et ainsi pour toutes les mitsvot. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[213],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-13-02"],"yoast_head":"\n15.Une belle souka - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-02-15\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"15.Une belle souka - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C\u2019est une mitsva que de construire une jolie souka, d\u00e9cor\u00e9e et agr\u00e9able, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est mon Dieu et je le glorifierai\u00a0(anv\u00e9hou) \u00bb (Ex 15, 2), ce que les sages \u00e9laborent\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Pare-toi[h] de mitsvot devant Lui\u00a0; fais en son honneur une belle souka, un beau loulav\u2026\u00a0\u00bb (Chabbat 133b). 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