{"id":4997,"date":"2001-01-05T00:01:24","date_gmt":"2001-01-04T22:01:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=4997"},"modified":"2021-08-23T21:12:01","modified_gmt":"2021-08-23T18:12:01","slug":"13-05-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-05-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01.Temps de la mitsva"},"content":{"rendered":"

La mitsva de [a]<\/a><\/sup> doit s\u2019accomplir le jour et non la nuit. On a coutume de prendre le loulav<\/em> lors de l\u2019office de Cha\u2019harit. Si l\u2019on n\u2019a pas fait la mitsva \u00e0 Cha\u2019harit, on la fera apr\u00e8s cela. Si le soleil s\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0 couch\u00e9, on fera la mitsva sans r\u00e9citer la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction\u00a0; et si les \u00e9toiles ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 paru, on aura perdu la mitsva (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 652, 1\u00a0; Michna Beroura<\/em> 2).<\/p>\n

C\u2019est une mitsva que de prendre le loulav<\/em> pendant la r\u00e9citation du Hallel, et d\u2019en faire le balancement au moment des versets Hodou Lachem ki tov, ki le\u2019olam \u2018hasdo<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Louez l\u2019\u00c9ternel car Il est bon, car sa gr\u00e2ce est perp\u00e9tuelle\u00a0\u00bb) et Anna Hachem hochi\u2019a na<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0De gr\u00e2ce, \u00c9ternel, secours-nous, de gr\u00e2ce\u00a0\u00bb). Et puisque les sages ont institu\u00e9 une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur la prise du loulav<\/em>, on a coutume de la prononcer avant la r\u00e9citation du Hallel. Certains ont cependant coutume de la dire d\u00e8s avant l\u2019office, dans la souka (cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, \u00a7 3).<\/p>\n

A priori, il ne faut pas agiter le loulav <\/em>avant le lever du soleil (hanets ha\u2019hama<\/em>), moment o\u00f9 le soleil commence \u00e0 se voir \u00e0 l\u2019orient. Mais si l\u2019on doit se lever plus t\u00f4t afin de prendre la route, et que l\u2019on ne puisse accomplir la mitsva du loulav <\/em>apr\u00e8s le premier rayon du soleil, on l\u2019accomplira \u2013 et l\u2019on en r\u00e9citera la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction \u2013 \u00e0 partir de l\u2019aube (\u2018amoud hacha\u2019har<\/em>), c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire \u00e0 partir du moment o\u00f9 la premi\u00e8re lueur para\u00eet \u00e0 l\u2019orient (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 652, 1\u00a0; Pnin\u00e9 Halakha \u2013 La Pri\u00e8re d\u2019Isra\u00ebl<\/em> 11, 2, note 1).<\/p>\n

Comme nous l\u2019avons vu (chap. 4 \u00a7 1), la mitsva toranique n\u2019oblige \u00e0 agiter le loulav <\/em>que le premier jour de f\u00eate\u00a0; ce n\u2019est que dans le sanctuaire que la mitsva \u00e9tait d\u2019agiter le loulav<\/em> chacun des sept jours. Telle \u00e9tait la coutume \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque du Temple\u00a0: dans le reste du monde, on n\u2019agitait le loulav <\/em>que le premier jour\u00a0; les autres jours, seuls ceux qui faisaient le p\u00e8lerinage de J\u00e9rusalem agitaient le loulav<\/em>. Lorsque le premier jour de Soukot tombait un Chabbat, les habitants de la terre d\u2019Isra\u00ebl agitaient le loulav<\/em>\u00a0; et pour qu\u2019on n\u2019en v\u00eent pas \u00e0 le porter dans le domaine public, les sages prescrivirent de faire cette mitsva \u00e0 la maison (Souka<\/em> 42b). Quant aux habitants de la diaspora, ils n\u2019agitaient point le loulav<\/em> le Chabbat, parce qu\u2019ils ne savaient pas avec certitude quand le mois avait \u00e9t\u00e9 consacr\u00e9 au beit-din<\/em>, de sorte qu\u2019ils devaient c\u00e9l\u00e9brer, en raison du doute, un second jour de Yom tov. Et puisqu\u2019il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas certain que le Chabbat f\u00fbt le premier jour de Yom tov, les sages ordonn\u00e8rent de ne point agiter le loulav<\/em> ce jour-l\u00e0, de crainte que, malgr\u00e9 leur d\u00e9cret imposant d\u2019accomplir cette mitsva \u00e0 la maison, certains juifs ne fissent erreur et portassent leur loulav <\/em>dans le domaine public, ce par quoi ils auraient profan\u00e9 le Chabbat (Soukot<\/em> 43a).<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s la destruction du Temple, les sages d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e8rent que, dans le monde entier, on agiterait le loulav <\/em>pendant sept jours en souvenir du Temple\u00a0; \u00e0 l\u2019inverse, ils d\u00e9cid\u00e8rent que, m\u00eame en Erets Isra\u00ebl, on n\u2019agiterait point le loulav<\/em> le premier jour tombant un Chabbat, afin que tout Isra\u00ebl adopt\u00e2t une coutume unique (Souka <\/em>44a). Et m\u00eame apr\u00e8s que l\u2019on eut commenc\u00e9 de sanctifier les mois d\u2019apr\u00e8s un calendrier fixe, de sorte qu\u2019il ne resta plus de doute quant \u00e0 l\u2019identification du premier jour, l\u2019interdit d\u2019agiter le loulav<\/em> le premier jour tombant un Chabbat se maintint (Ma\u00efmonide, Hilkhot Loulav<\/em> 7, 16-18).<\/p>\n

Il est peut-\u00eatre permis d\u2019avancer, quant \u00e0 la signification de cet usage, qu\u2019apr\u00e8s la destruction du Temple la mitsva de n\u00e9tilat loulav<\/em> a perdu en force d\u2019influence\u00a0; aussi \u00e9tait-il n\u00e9cessaire de la renforcer en prescrivant de l\u2019accomplir en tout lieu pendant sept jours. En revanche, la crainte qu\u2019il ne f\u00fbt port\u00e9 atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019honneur du Chabbat a augment\u00e9 de beaucoup\u00a0; or le Chabbat demeure le fondement de la vie et de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la p\u00e9rennit\u00e9 d\u2019Isra\u00ebl. Il faut ajouter que, \u00e0 notre \u00e9poque, la saintet\u00e9 du Chabbat poss\u00e8de une efficacit\u00e9 qui remplace celle de la prise du loulav<\/em>. Et afin que l\u2019on n\u2019en arriv\u00e2t pas, \u00e0 Dieu ne plaise, \u00e0 une profanation du Chabbat, nos sages ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que, lors m\u00eame que le premier jour de Soukot tomberait un Chabbat, on n\u2019accomplirait point la mitsva du loulav<\/em>. En pratique, il ressort de tout cela que, les ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 le premier jour de Soukot tombe un Chabbat, on n\u2019accomplit point la mitsva de n\u00e9tilat loulav<\/em> telle que prescrite par la Torah, puisque cette mitsva est, les autres jours, de rang rabbinique.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
[a]<\/a>. Litt. \u00ab\u00a0prise du loulav<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9l\u00e9vation\u00a0 du loulav<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb. Le Grand-rabbin Ernest Weill, dans son Choul\u2019han Aroukh abr\u00e9g\u00e9<\/em>, \u00e9crit \u00ab\u00a0agiter le loulav<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0et nous adoptons la formule.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La mitsva de [a] doit s\u2019accomplir le jour et non la nuit. On a coutume de prendre le loulav lors de l\u2019office de Cha\u2019harit. Si l\u2019on n\u2019a pas fait la mitsva \u00e0 Cha\u2019harit, on la fera apr\u00e8s cela. Si le soleil s\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0 couch\u00e9, on fera la mitsva sans r\u00e9citer la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction\u00a0; et si les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[216],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-13-05"],"yoast_head":"\n01.Temps de la mitsva - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-05-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"01.Temps de la mitsva - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La mitsva de [a] doit s\u2019accomplir le jour et non la nuit. On a coutume de prendre le loulav lors de l\u2019office de Cha\u2019harit. Si l\u2019on n\u2019a pas fait la mitsva \u00e0 Cha\u2019harit, on la fera apr\u00e8s cela. Si le soleil s\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0 couch\u00e9, on fera la mitsva sans r\u00e9citer la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction\u00a0; et si les […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-05-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2001-01-04T22:01:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-08-23T18:12:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-05-01\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-05-01\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\"},\"headline\":\"01.Temps de la mitsva\",\"datePublished\":\"2001-01-04T22:01:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-23T18:12:01+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-05-01\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":889,\"articleSection\":[\"Chapitre 5 - La mitsva d\u2019agiter le loulav (n\u00e9tilat loulav)\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-05-01\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-05-01\\\/\",\"name\":\"01.Temps de la mitsva - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2001-01-04T22:01:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-23T18:12:01+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-05-01\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-05-01\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-05-01\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u05d3\u05e3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"01.Temps de la mitsva\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\",\"description\":\"Rav Eli\u00e9zer Melamed\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\",\"name\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4839847e1f630d0e0f5d54879b51b427c551b51611b74d6558e54ff6e69ce498?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4839847e1f630d0e0f5d54879b51b427c551b51611b74d6558e54ff6e69ce498?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4839847e1f630d0e0f5d54879b51b427c551b51611b74d6558e54ff6e69ce498?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/shlomit12\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"01.Temps de la mitsva - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-05-01\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"01.Temps de la mitsva - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","og_description":"La mitsva de [a] doit s\u2019accomplir le jour et non la nuit. 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