{"id":5031,"date":"2001-01-07T00:01:37","date_gmt":"2001-01-06T22:01:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5031"},"modified":"2021-08-29T21:06:25","modified_gmt":"2021-08-29T18:06:25","slug":"13-07-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-07-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01.Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret est une f\u00eate autonome"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le Yom tov de Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret est consid\u00e9r\u00e9, d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, comme le prolongement de la f\u00eate de Soukot, mais, de l\u2019autre, comme une f\u00eate en soi. Puisqu\u2019on l\u2019appelle \u00ab\u00a0huiti\u00e8me\u00a0\u00bb (chemini<\/em>), c\u2019est bien qu\u2019il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme la suite des sept jours de Soukot. De m\u00eame, du point de vue de la mitsva du p\u00e8lerinage, de l\u2019oblation de l\u2019holocauste de pr\u00e9sence (\u2018olat r\u00e9\u00efya<\/em>) et des r\u00e9mun\u00e9ratoires propres \u00e0 la f\u00eate (\u2018haguiga<\/em>), que l\u2019on offrait \u00e0 Soukot\u00a0: on n\u2019avait point l\u2019obligation de les offrir de nouveau \u00e0 Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret. Et si l\u2019on n\u2019avait pas r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 les offrir \u00e0 Soukot, on pouvait encore le faire \u00e0 Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret (Roch Hachana<\/em> 4b).<\/p>\n

En revanche, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents points de vue, Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme \u00ab\u00a0une f\u00eate en tant que telle\u00a0\u00bb (r\u00e9guel bifn\u00e9 \u2018atsmo<\/em>). Premi\u00e8rement, les mitsvot particuli\u00e8res \u00e0 la f\u00eate de Soukot n\u2019y sont pas observ\u00e9es\u00a0: nous n\u2019avons pas la mitsva, \u00e0 Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret, de r\u00e9sider dans la souka, ni d\u2019agiter les quatre esp\u00e8ces, ni d\u2019accomplir les libations d\u2019eau avec le sacrifice journalier. Puisqu\u2019il en est ainsi, le nom m\u00eame de ce jour est diff\u00e9rent\u00a0: il ne s\u2019appelle pas \u2018Hag ha-soukot (f\u00eate des cabanes), mais Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret (\u00ab\u00a0huiti\u00e8me [jour, f\u00eate] de cl\u00f4ture\u00a0\u00bb), comme nous le disons dans la pri\u00e8re, dans le Qidouch et dans le Birkat hamazon<\/em> \u05d4. Deuxi\u00e8mement, il y a entre ces deux f\u00eates une diff\u00e9rence quant aux sacrifices publics qui y \u00e9taient offerts\u00a0: \u00e0 Soukot, on apportait chaque jour quatorze agneaux et deux b\u00e9liers, tandis qu\u2019\u00e0 Chemini \u2018Ats\u00e9ret, on apportait sept agneaux et un b\u00e9lier. De m\u00eame, s\u2019agissant des taureaux relatifs \u00e0 la f\u00eate\u00a0: chacun des sept jours de Soukot, on offrait de nombreux taureaux\u00a0: treize le premier jour, douze le deuxi\u00e8me jour, et ainsi de suite en d\u00e9croissant jusqu\u2019au septi\u00e8me jour o\u00f9 sept taureaux \u00e9taient offerts. Si Chemini \u2018Ats\u00e9ret \u00e9tait la suite de Soukot, on devrait y apporter six taureaux\u00a0; or il nous est ordonn\u00e9 d\u2019en offrir un seulement, ce qui montre qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une f\u00eate autonome (Nb 29, 32-39).<\/p>\n

Puisque, \u00e0 de nombreux \u00e9gards, ce jour est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une f\u00eate en soi, on r\u00e9cite la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Ch\u00e9h\u00e9\u2019h\u00e9yanou<\/em> lors du Qidouch, le soir de Chemini \u2018Ats\u00e9ret. En d\u2019autres termes, la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Ch\u00e9h\u00e9\u2019h\u00e9yanou<\/em> que l\u2019on r\u00e9cite au Qidouch du premier soir de Soukot ne couvre pas Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret (Soukot<\/em> 47b, Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 668, 1).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
[1]<\/a>. Si, par erreur, on a dit dans la \u2018Amida \u00ab\u00a0en cette f\u00eate de Soukot\u00a0\u00bb au lieu de \u00ab\u00a0en ce huiti\u00e8me jour, f\u00eate de cl\u00f4ture\u00a0\u00bb, et que l\u2019on n\u2019ait pas achev\u00e9 la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction, on reviendra aux mots vatiten lanou<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0et Tu nous as donn\u00e9\u2026\u00a0\u00bb), et l\u2019on corrigera la suite. Si l\u2019on a d\u00e9j\u00e0 recul\u00e9 de trois pas, certains auteurs estiment que, a posteriori, on se sera acquitt\u00e9 de son obligation, puisque, d\u2019un certain point de vue, Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret est inclus dans Soukot (Beit Yehouda, Ora\u2019h \u2018Ha\u00efm<\/em> 4, \u2018Hay\u00e9 Adam<\/em> 28, 15). Mais la position principale, en pratique, suit la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisionnaires, selon qui l\u2019on ne se sera pas rendu quitte, et l\u2019on devra r\u00e9p\u00e9ter la \u2018Amida (Bikour\u00e9 Ya\u2019aqov<\/em> 668, 2, Maamar Mordekha\u00ef<\/em> 1, Chenot \u2018Ha\u00efm<\/em> de Rabbi Chelomo Kluger 148, Choel Oum\u00e9chiv<\/em>, quatri\u00e8me \u00e9dition VI 22, Yabia\u2019 Omer<\/em> IV 51). Si l\u2019on s\u2019est souvenu<\/em> que l\u2019on \u00e9tait Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret, et que sa langue ait seulement fourch\u00e9, certains auteurs estiment que l\u2019on ne r\u00e9p\u00e8te pas la \u2018Amida (Bikour\u00e9 Ya\u2019aqov<\/em> 668, 2, Ben Ich \u2018Ha\u00ef, V\u00e9zot haberakha<\/em> 2). <\/p>\n

Quant au Birkat hamazon<\/em>, on ne se r\u00e9p\u00e9tera pas puisque, de l\u2019avis de nombreux d\u00e9cisionnaires, dans le cas m\u00eame o\u00f9 l\u2019on oublie le passage Ya\u2019al\u00e9 v\u00e9yavo<\/em> [relatif aux f\u00eates] dans le Birkat hamazon<\/em>, on ne se reprend pas\u00a0; on tient compte, en effet, de l\u2019opinion d\u2019apr\u00e8s laquelle il n\u2019est pas obligatoire de manger du pain lors des repas de Yom tov. Tel est l\u2019usage s\u00e9farade, et celui d\u2019une minorit\u00e9 de communaut\u00e9s ashk\u00e9nazes. Or dans notre cas, o\u00f9 est pr\u00e9sent un autre doute, il n\u2019y a pas lieu de se r\u00e9p\u00e9ter, cela d\u2019apr\u00e8s toutes les coutumes (cf. Mo\u2019adim \u2013 F\u00eates et Solennit\u00e9s juives<\/em> II 6, note 5, et Lois des b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions<\/em> 4, 8).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Yom tov de Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret est consid\u00e9r\u00e9, d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, comme le prolongement de la f\u00eate de Soukot, mais, de l\u2019autre, comme une f\u00eate en soi. Puisqu\u2019on l\u2019appelle \u00ab\u00a0huiti\u00e8me\u00a0\u00bb (chemini), c\u2019est bien qu\u2019il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme la suite des sept jours de Soukot. De m\u00eame, du point de vue de la mitsva du p\u00e8lerinage, de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[218],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-13-07"],"yoast_head":"\n01.Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret est une f\u00eate autonome - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-07-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"01.Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret est une f\u00eate autonome - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le Yom tov de Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret est consid\u00e9r\u00e9, d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, comme le prolongement de la f\u00eate de Soukot, mais, de l\u2019autre, comme une f\u00eate en soi. Puisqu\u2019on l\u2019appelle \u00ab\u00a0huiti\u00e8me\u00a0\u00bb (chemini), c\u2019est bien qu\u2019il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme la suite des sept jours de Soukot. 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