{"id":5039,"date":"2001-01-07T00:05:09","date_gmt":"2001-01-06T22:05:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5039"},"modified":"2021-08-29T21:10:14","modified_gmt":"2021-08-29T18:10:14","slug":"13-07-05","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-07-05\/","title":{"rendered":"05.Cl\u00f4ture du cycle de lecture toranique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Toutes les communaut\u00e9s juives ont coutume de lire, \u00e0 chaque Chabbat, une <em>paracha<\/em> (section de la Torah), et de clore la lecture du Pentateuque \u00e0 Chemini \u2018Ats\u00e9ret<sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref7_b\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn7_b\">[b]<\/a><\/sup>; et c\u2019est \u00e0 ce propos que ce jour-l\u00e0 est aussi appel\u00e9 Sim\u2019hat Torah. Pour achever la lecture de toute la Torah en une ann\u00e9e, on lit, environ quatre Chabbats par an, deux <em>parachot<\/em>\u00a0; et les ann\u00e9es embolismiques, o\u00f9 un treizi\u00e8me mois est ajout\u00e9, on ne lit qu\u2019une paracha \u00e0 chaque Chabbat<sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref7_2\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn7_2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Certes, les autres jours de Yom tov, on appelle \u00e0 la Torah cinq personnes\u00a0; mais ce jour-l\u00e0, on divise la paracha <em>V\u00e9zot haberakha<\/em> <sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref7_c\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn7_c\">[c]<\/a><\/sup> en sept parties. Bien plus\u00a0: en l\u2019honneur de l\u2019ach\u00e8vement de la lecture toranique, il est de coutume d\u2019appeler \u00e0 la Torah tous les fid\u00e8les pr\u00e9sents. \u00c0 cette fin, on r\u00e9p\u00e8te plusieurs fois les cinq premi\u00e8res mont\u00e9es (<em>\u2018alyot<\/em>), jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que tous les fid\u00e8les pr\u00e9sents aient \u00e9t\u00e9 appel\u00e9s, \u00e0 l\u2019exception de quatre personnes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 \u00eatre appel\u00e9es ensuite\u00a0: les deux premi\u00e8res pour lire les deux derni\u00e8res mont\u00e9es, la troisi\u00e8me pour lire le d\u00e9but de <em>B\u00e9r\u00e9chit<\/em> <sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref7_d\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn7_d\">[d]<\/a><\/sup>, premi\u00e8re <em>paracha <\/em>de la Torah, la quatri\u00e8me en tant que <em>maftir<\/em> (lecteur de la <em>haftara<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>A priori, chaque fois que l\u2019on r\u00e9p\u00e8te la lecture de la <em>paracha<\/em>, on la lit suivant l\u2019ordonnancement d\u2019usage\u00a0: le premier appel\u00e9 est un <em>cohen<\/em>, le second un <em>l\u00e9vi<\/em>, les trois suivants des Isra\u00e9lites. S\u2019il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019appeler des <em>cohanim<\/em> ou des <em>l\u00e9viim<\/em> suppl\u00e9mentaires, on les fait monter \u00e9galement en tant que quatri\u00e8me et cinqui\u00e8me. Si c\u2019est possible, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable, en ce cas, de les appeler suivant l\u2019ordre d\u2019usage\u00a0: le <em>cohen <\/em>en quatri\u00e8me, le <em>l\u00e9vi<\/em> en cinqui\u00e8me (<em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 135, 37). Dans le cas o\u00f9 sont pr\u00e9sents de nombreux <em>cohanim <\/em>et des <em>l\u00e9viim<\/em> en petit nombre, on pourra, chaque fois que recommencera la lecture de la paracha, appeler un <em>cohen<\/em> pour la premi\u00e8re mont\u00e9e, un Isra\u00e9lite pour la deuxi\u00e8me (<em>M\u00e9chiv Davar <\/em>II 48). Si tous les <em>cohanim<\/em> et <em>l\u00e9viim <\/em>ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 appel\u00e9s, on appellera des Isra\u00e9lites pour les cinq parties de la <em>paracha<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Quand les fid\u00e8les sont nombreux dans la synagogue, il est d\u2019usage, au moment de la lecture de la Torah, de se diviser en plusieurs <em>minyanim<\/em>, afin de raccourcir le temps n\u00e9cessaire pour faire monter tout le monde\u00a0; ensuite, tous les groupes se rassemblent pour les derni\u00e8res mont\u00e9es, par lesquelles on ach\u00e8ve la lecture de la Torah.<\/p>\n<p>Ce jour-l\u00e0, on a \u00e9galement coutume d\u2019appeler \u00e0 la Torah les petits enfants, qui ne sont pas encore parvenus \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge des mitsvot. La coutume courante est de faire monter s\u00e9par\u00e9ment chaque enfant qui sait r\u00e9citer les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions de la Torah et lire en silence les versets de sa mont\u00e9e, tandis que le lecteur (le <em>ba\u2019al qria<\/em>) les chante \u00e0 voix haute. Quant aux enfants qui ne sont pas encore arriv\u00e9s \u00e0 cette comp\u00e9tence, on les fait monter avec l\u2019un des notables de la communaut\u00e9\u00a0: c\u2019est la mont\u00e9e dite de \u00ab\u00a0tous les enfants\u00a0\u00bb (<em>kol hane\u2019arim<\/em>). C\u2019est ce fid\u00e8le qui r\u00e9citera les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions, lentement et \u00e0 haute voix, tandis que les petits r\u00e9p\u00e9teront apr\u00e8s lui, mot par mot. Cette mont\u00e9e est l\u2019avant-derni\u00e8re, et commence par le mot <em>me\u2019ona<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Refuge\u00a0\u00bb). Aussi nomme-t-on le fid\u00e8le qui y est appel\u00e9 le <em>\u2018hatan Me\u2019ona<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Par l\u2019appel de tous les fid\u00e8les au <em>s\u00e9fer-Torah<\/em>, nous montrons que chaque Juif a part \u00e0 la Torah, du plus \u00e2g\u00e9 au plus jeune, de l\u2019\u00e9rudit \u00e0 l\u2019homme simple.<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<p><a id=\"_te01ftn7_b\" href=\"#_te01ftnref7_b\">[b]<\/a>. En diaspora, le second jour de f\u00eate (cf. fin du \u00a7 pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent).<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_te01ftn7_2\" href=\"#_te01ftnref7_2\">[2]<\/a>. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque talmudique, il existait deux coutumes, quant \u00e0 l\u2019ordre de lecture de la Torah\u00a0: en terre d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, on terminait toute la lecture du Pentateuque en trois ans, tandis qu\u2019en Babylonie, on achevait le cycle en un an. Au cours du temps, la coutume se r\u00e9pandit de clore chaque ann\u00e9e la lecture de la Torah, si bien que, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque des Richonim, toutes les communaut\u00e9s juives avaient adopt\u00e9 l\u2019usage d\u2019achever cette lecture, chaque ann\u00e9e, \u00e0 Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret (Ma\u00efmonide, <em>T\u00e9phila<\/em> 13, 1).<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_te01ftn7_c\" href=\"#_te01ftnref7_c\">[c]<\/a>. Dt 33, 1 \u2013 34, 12.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_te01ftn7_d\" href=\"#_te01ftnref7_d\">[d]<\/a>. R\u00e9cit de la Cr\u00e9ation (Gn 1, 1 \u2013 2, 3).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Toutes les communaut\u00e9s juives ont coutume de lire, \u00e0 chaque Chabbat, une paracha (section de la Torah), et de clore la lecture du Pentateuque \u00e0 Chemini \u2018Ats\u00e9ret[b]; et c\u2019est \u00e0 ce propos que ce jour-l\u00e0 est aussi appel\u00e9 Sim\u2019hat Torah. Pour achever la lecture de toute la Torah en une ann\u00e9e, on lit, environ quatre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[218],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-13-07"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>05.Cl\u00f4ture du cycle de lecture toranique - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-07-05\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"05.Cl\u00f4ture du cycle de lecture toranique - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Toutes les communaut\u00e9s juives ont coutume de lire, \u00e0 chaque Chabbat, une paracha (section de la Torah), et de clore la lecture du Pentateuque \u00e0 Chemini \u2018Ats\u00e9ret[b]; et c\u2019est \u00e0 ce propos que ce jour-l\u00e0 est aussi appel\u00e9 Sim\u2019hat Torah. Pour achever la lecture de toute la Torah en une ann\u00e9e, on lit, environ quatre [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-07-05\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2001-01-06T22:05:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-08-29T18:10:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-07-05\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-07-05\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\"},\"headline\":\"05.Cl\u00f4ture du cycle de lecture toranique\",\"datePublished\":\"2001-01-06T22:05:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-29T18:10:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-07-05\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":771,\"articleSection\":[\"Chapitre 7 - Chemini \u2018ats\u00e9ret\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-07-05\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-07-05\\\/\",\"name\":\"05.Cl\u00f4ture du cycle de lecture toranique - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2001-01-06T22:05:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-29T18:10:14+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-07-05\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-07-05\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/13-07-05\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u05d3\u05e3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"05.Cl\u00f4ture du cycle de lecture toranique\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\",\"description\":\"Rav Eli\u00e9zer Melamed\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8822293bfa4f7cd35b44a3c311851b63\",\"name\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4839847e1f630d0e0f5d54879b51b427c551b51611b74d6558e54ff6e69ce498?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4839847e1f630d0e0f5d54879b51b427c551b51611b74d6558e54ff6e69ce498?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4839847e1f630d0e0f5d54879b51b427c551b51611b74d6558e54ff6e69ce498?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/shlomit12\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"05.Cl\u00f4ture du cycle de lecture toranique - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-07-05\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"05.Cl\u00f4ture du cycle de lecture toranique - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","og_description":"Toutes les communaut\u00e9s juives ont coutume de lire, \u00e0 chaque Chabbat, une paracha (section de la Torah), et de clore la lecture du Pentateuque \u00e0 Chemini \u2018Ats\u00e9ret[b]; et c\u2019est \u00e0 ce propos que ce jour-l\u00e0 est aussi appel\u00e9 Sim\u2019hat Torah. 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