{"id":5042,"date":"2001-01-07T00:06:21","date_gmt":"2001-01-06T22:06:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5042"},"modified":"2021-08-29T21:11:18","modified_gmt":"2021-08-29T18:11:18","slug":"13-07-06","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-07-06\/","title":{"rendered":"06.Les <em>\u2018hatanim<\/em> de la Torah"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>On distingue quatre mont\u00e9es (<em>\u2018alyot<\/em>) particuli\u00e8rement importantes, \u00e0 Sim\u2019hat Torah\u00a0; et la plus importante de toutes est celle par laquelle on ach\u00e8ve la lecture du Pentateuque. Celui qui monte \u00e0 ce moment est nomm\u00e9 <em>\u2018hatan Torah<\/em> (litt. \u00ab\u00a0fianc\u00e9 de la Torah\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n<p>La mont\u00e9e qui la pr\u00e9c\u00e8de est, elle aussi, importante, parce que celui qui y est appel\u00e9 r\u00e9cite la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction en compagnie de tous les enfants\u00a0; on l\u2019appelle, comme nous le disions au pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent paragraphe, le <em>\u2018hatan Me\u2019ona<\/em>, du nom du premier mot de ce fragment. On nomme cette mont\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0mont\u00e9e de tous les enfants\u00a0\u00bb (<em>\u2018aliat kol hane\u2019arim<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Tout de suite apr\u00e8s la cl\u00f4ture de la Torah, on apporte un autre rouleau, et l\u2019on fait monter un appel\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire pour y lire le d\u00e9but de la Gen\u00e8se. C\u2019est un grand m\u00e9rite que d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 une telle portion, et l\u2019on appelle cet appel\u00e9 le <em>\u2018hatan B\u00e9r\u00e9chit<\/em> (litt. \u00ab\u00a0fianc\u00e9 de la Gen\u00e8se\u00a0\u00bb). Cette mont\u00e9e exprime l\u2019attachement \u00e0 la Torah\u00a0: lors m\u00eame que l\u2019on a achev\u00e9 de lire celle-ci, nous ne nous s\u00e9parons pas d\u2019elle, f\u00fbt-ce une heure, mais nous reprenons sa lecture au commencement (<em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 668, 10).<\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s la mont\u00e9e du <em>\u2018hatan B\u00e9r\u00e9chit<\/em>, on apporte un troisi\u00e8me rouleau, et l\u2019on appelle le <em>maftir<\/em>. On y lit le passage de la <em>paracha Pin\u2019has<\/em> relatif aux sacrifices de la f\u00eate (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 668, 2).<\/p>\n<p>On a coutume de lire, comme <em>haftara<\/em>, le d\u00e9but du livre de Josu\u00e9, parce que tout le but vers lequel tend la Torah est de voir accomplis ses commandements sur la terre d\u2019Isra\u00ebl. Aussi, apr\u00e8s l\u2019ach\u00e8vement de la lecture du Pentateuque, il convient de commencer celle de Josu\u00e9, livre \u00ab\u00a0dans lequel r\u00e9side la valeur de la terre d\u2019Isra\u00ebl\u00a0\u00bb (cf. <em>N\u00e9darim <\/em>22b). Une autre raison \u00e0 cela est qu\u2019on y lit les importants versets portant sur la valeur de la Torah\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Seulement, sois tr\u00e8s fort et courageux, pour accomplir fid\u00e8lement toute la Torah que t\u2019a ordonn\u00e9e Mo\u00efse mon serviteur. Ne t\u2019\u00e9carte d\u2019elle ni \u00e0 droite ni \u00e0 gauche, afin que tu r\u00e9ussisses en toutes tes voies. Ce livre de la Torah ne quittera pas ta bouche, et tu le m\u00e9diteras jour et nuit\u00a0\u00bb (Jos 1, 7-8). De plus, il convient, tout de suite apr\u00e8s la cl\u00f4ture du Pentateuque, de commencer l\u2019\u00e9tude des Proph\u00e8tes.<\/p>\n<p>En de nombreux endroits, on a coutume de vendre ces quatre <em>alyot<\/em> importantes \u00e0 ceux qui contribuent par leurs nombreux dons \u00e0 la synagogue et aux \u00e9tudiants de Torah. Dans certaines communaut\u00e9s, la coutume est d\u2019honorer de ces mont\u00e9es honorifiques des \u00e9rudits de la Torah ou des dirigeants communautaires. Quand la chose risque de provoquer des controverses, parce qu\u2019il est difficile de d\u00e9cider qui il convient d\u2019honorer davantage, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de \u00ab\u00a0vendre\u00a0\u00bb ces <em>alyot<\/em> \u00e0 ceux qui sont pr\u00eats \u00e0 offrir, pour elles, la somme la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e. Il est bon que l\u2019acheteur soit \u00e9galement un \u00e9rudit, ou l\u2019un des notables de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e (<em>Knesset Haguedola<\/em>, <em>Bikour\u00e9 Ya\u2019aqov<\/em> 669, 3). En certains lieux, les personnes fortun\u00e9es qui ach\u00e8tent les mont\u00e9es honorent les \u00e9rudits en leur offrant la leur<em>\u00a0<\/em>; et leur m\u00e9rite est grand, car d\u2019un m\u00eame geste ils font un important don \u00e0 la synagogue et honorent la Torah.<\/p>\n<p>Dans certaines communaut\u00e9s, il est d\u2019usage que tous les appel\u00e9s qui le peuvent prennent sur eux, au moment de leur mont\u00e9e \u00e0 Sim\u2019hat Torah, de faire un don pour le Talmud-Torah et pour l\u2019entretien de la synagogue (<em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 669, 7).<\/p>\n<p>Celui qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 appel\u00e9 \u00e0 la Torah au m\u00eame titre que les autres fid\u00e8les, et que les administrateurs veulent honorer en lui confiant une des <em>alyot<\/em> \u00ab\u00a0de cl\u00f4ture\u00a0\u00bb \u2013 celle du <em>\u2018hatan Torah<\/em>, du <em>\u2018hatan Me\u2019ona<\/em>, du <em>\u2018hatan B\u00e9r\u00e9chit<\/em> ou du <em>maftir<\/em> \u2013, est autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 monter de nouveau au <em>s\u00e9fer-Torah<\/em>, et il n\u2019y a pas \u00e0 cela de crainte de b\u00e9n\u00e9diction vaine. Mais celui qui est mont\u00e9 en tant que <em>\u2018hatan Torah<\/em> ne montera pas tout de suite apr\u00e8s en tant que <em>\u2018hatan B\u00e9r\u00e9chit<\/em>\u00a0: il y aurait \u00e0 cela une atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019honneur du premier rouleau de la Torah, car on para\u00eetrait \u00eatre contraint de monter au second au motif que le premier \u00e9tait invalide (<em>Elya Rabba<\/em>, <em>Peri M\u00e9gadim<\/em>, <em>Bikour\u00e9 Ya\u2019aqov<\/em> 669, 4, <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 2). Il est permis d\u2019appeler un <em>cohen<\/em> ou un <em>l\u00e9vi<\/em> comme <em>\u2018hatan Torah<\/em> ou <em>\u2018hatan B\u00e9r\u00e9chit<\/em> (Maharil, <em>Bikour\u00e9 Ya\u2019aqov<\/em> 669, 4).<\/p>\n<p>La coutume ashk\u00e9naze est d\u2019appeler, le soir de Sim\u2019hat Torah, apr\u00e8s les danses (<em>haqafot<\/em>), trois fid\u00e8les au <em>s\u00e9fer-Torah<\/em>. Ce qui est lu est la <em>paracha<\/em> <em>V\u00e9zot haberakha<\/em>, et les appel\u00e9s r\u00e9citent les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions relatives \u00e0 cette lecture (<em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 669, 15).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On distingue quatre mont\u00e9es (\u2018alyot) particuli\u00e8rement importantes, \u00e0 Sim\u2019hat Torah\u00a0; et la plus importante de toutes est celle par laquelle on ach\u00e8ve la lecture du Pentateuque. Celui qui monte \u00e0 ce moment est nomm\u00e9 \u2018hatan Torah (litt. \u00ab\u00a0fianc\u00e9 de la Torah\u00a0\u00bb). La mont\u00e9e qui la pr\u00e9c\u00e8de est, elle aussi, importante, parce que celui qui y [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[218],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-13-07"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>06.Les \u2018hatanim de la Torah - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-07-06\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"06.Les \u2018hatanim de la Torah - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On distingue quatre mont\u00e9es (\u2018alyot) particuli\u00e8rement importantes, \u00e0 Sim\u2019hat Torah\u00a0; et la plus importante de toutes est celle par laquelle on ach\u00e8ve la lecture du Pentateuque. 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