{"id":5053,"date":"2001-01-08T00:02:55","date_gmt":"2001-01-07T22:02:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5053"},"modified":"2021-08-31T22:07:45","modified_gmt":"2021-08-31T19:07:45","slug":"13-08-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-08-02\/","title":{"rendered":"02.La lecture"},"content":{"rendered":"

La lecture de la Torah, lors de la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie du Haqhel, doit obligatoirement se faire dans la langue sainte, l\u2019h\u00e9breu, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Tu donneras lecture de cette<\/em> Loi\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 31, 11), c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire cette loi-m\u00eame, telle qu\u2019elle est \u00e9crite. Ceux-l\u00e0 m\u00eame qui ne comprennent pas la langue sainte ont l\u2019obligation de l\u2019\u00e9couter, telle qu\u2019elle fut donn\u00e9e au Sina\u00ef (Sota<\/em> 32a, Ma\u00efmonide, \u2018Haguiga<\/em> 3, 5-6).<\/p>\n

Le passage lu commen\u00e7ait au d\u00e9but du Deut\u00e9ronome et s\u2019achevait par le premier paragraphe du Ch\u00e9ma (Dt 1, 1 \u00e0 6, 9). Cette lecture enseigne longuement les pr\u00e9parations \u00e0 faire \u00e0 l\u2019approche de l\u2019entr\u00e9e en terre d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, quelle fut la faute des explorateurs et leur punition, la conqu\u00eate du versant oriental du Jourdain et les supplications de Mo\u00efse notre ma\u00eetre afin d\u2019\u00eatre autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 entrer dans le pays. Apr\u00e8s cela, on apprend largement ce que fut l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement du Sina\u00ef, ce qu\u2019est l\u2019interdit de l\u2019idol\u00e2trie, et l\u2019avertissement, adress\u00e9 aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, de garder la Torah et les commandements, d\u2019\u00e9duquer \u00e0 cela ses enfants, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 quoi on jouira d\u2019une longue vie sur la bonne terre. Cette lecture se poursuit par le premier paragraphe du Ch\u00e9ma, qui renferme le fondement de la mitsva qu\u2019est la foi, et la mitsva d\u2019aimer l\u2019\u00c9ternel.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s cela, on lisait la paracha V\u00e9haya im chamoa\u2019<\/em>, deuxi\u00e8me paragraphe du Ch\u00e9ma (Dt 11, 13-21), dont l\u2019objet est la pr\u00e9servation des mitsvot et le principe de r\u00e9tribution \u2013 r\u00e9compense et ch\u00e2timent.<\/p>\n

Puis on lisait deux paragraphes consacr\u00e9s au pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement des d\u00eemes\u00a0: \u2018Asser te\u2019asser<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Tu pr\u00e9l\u00e8veras la d\u00eeme\u2026\u00a0\u00bb, Dt 14, 22-27) et Ki tekhal\u00e9 le\u2019asser<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Quand tu auras achev\u00e9 le pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement de la d\u00eeme\u00a0\u00bb, ibid. 26, 12-15). On revenait ensuite en arri\u00e8re dans le Deut\u00e9ronome, en lisant le paragraphe consacr\u00e9 au roi et \u00e0 ses obligations (ibid. 17, 14-20). On achevait par la lecture des b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions et des mal\u00e9dictions (ibid. chap. 28), o\u00f9 l\u2019on apprend quelle r\u00e9compense est r\u00e9serv\u00e9e au peuple d\u2019Isra\u00ebl s\u2019il garde la Torah et les mitsvot, et quelle punition s\u2019il ne les garde point (Sota <\/em>41a).<\/p>\n

Selon Ma\u00efmonide, \u00e0 partir du paragraphe consacr\u00e9 aux d\u00eemes, on lit de fa\u00e7on continue toutes les parachot<\/em>, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin du chapitre des b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions et des mal\u00e9dictions (Dt 14, 22 \u00e0 28, 69). Cette longue lecture contient de tr\u00e8s nombreuses mitsvot, cent trente-huit, qui, pour les unes, apparaissent pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans ces passages (commandements 473 \u00e0 611, d\u2019apr\u00e8s la num\u00e9ration du S\u00e9fer Ha\u2019hinoukh<\/em>), et d\u2019autres qui sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 mentionn\u00e9es dans de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents livres du Pentateuque. Les mitsvot incluses dans ces parachot<\/em> traitent des pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements et d\u00eemes, des dons (ts\u00e9daqa<\/em>) aux pauvres, et l\u2019on y trouve de nombreuses mitsvot qui se rapportent aux relations de l\u2019homme \u00e0 son prochain, telles que la restitution de l\u2019objet trouv\u00e9, l\u2019interdit du pr\u00eat \u00e0 int\u00e9r\u00eat, l\u2019investiture de juges et les lois judiciaires. D\u2019autres mitsvot, nombreuses, ont trait \u00e0 la royaut\u00e9 et \u00e0 la guerre, \u00e0 la proph\u00e9tie et \u00e0 la pr\u00eatrise, au mariage et \u00e0 ses principes\u00a0; et d\u2019autres encore, nombreuses aussi, sont relatives aux interdits d\u2019idol\u00e2trie et de sorcellerie[1]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
[1]<\/a>. Ma\u00efmonide, \u2018Haguiga<\/em> 3, 3, se fonde \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard sur le Talmud de J\u00e9rusalem (Sota<\/em> 7, 8), et sa version de la Michna accr\u00e9dite cette th\u00e8se. La r\u00e8gle que nous rapportions en premier lieu suit la version de la Michna dont nous disposons dans les \u00e9ditions du Talmud de Babylone (Sota <\/em>41a), d\u2019apr\u00e8s laquelle on lit la seconde paracha<\/em> traitant des d\u00eemes avant celle qui est relative au roi, bien que, dans la Torah, elle suive celle-ci\u00a0; cela, afin de joindre l\u2019une \u00e0 l\u2019autre les deux parachot<\/em> traitant des d\u00eemes. Selon Rachi, il existait une autre version de la michna, d\u2019apr\u00e8s laquelle, apr\u00e8s la seconde paracha relative aux d\u00eemes, on lisait les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions et les mal\u00e9dictions du chapitre 28\u00a0; et ce n\u2019est qu\u2019\u00e0 la fin qu\u2019on lisait la paracha du roi. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La lecture de la Torah, lors de la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie du Haqhel, doit obligatoirement se faire dans la langue sainte, l\u2019h\u00e9breu, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Tu donneras lecture de cette Loi\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 31, 11), c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire cette loi-m\u00eame, telle qu\u2019elle est \u00e9crite. Ceux-l\u00e0 m\u00eame qui ne comprennent pas la langue sainte ont l\u2019obligation de l\u2019\u00e9couter, telle qu\u2019elle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[219],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-13-08"],"yoast_head":"\n02.La lecture - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/13-08-02\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"02.La lecture - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La lecture de la Torah, lors de la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie du Haqhel, doit obligatoirement se faire dans la langue sainte, l\u2019h\u00e9breu, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Tu donneras lecture de cette Loi\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 31, 11), c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire cette loi-m\u00eame, telle qu\u2019elle est \u00e9crite. 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