{"id":510,"date":"2016-02-04T00:01:10","date_gmt":"2016-02-03T22:01:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=510"},"modified":"2017-01-04T12:33:34","modified_gmt":"2017-01-04T10:33:34","slug":"02-04-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-04-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01 \u2013 Qui est apte \u00e0 \u00eatre officiant ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019officiant (\u2018hazan<\/em>) conduit la pri\u00e8re. \u00c0 certains moments, toute l\u2019assembl\u00e9e r\u00e9cite avec lui la pri\u00e8re, tandis que lui fixe le rythme\u00a0; \u00e0 d\u2019autres moments, il est seul \u00e0 prononcer la pri\u00e8re, les fid\u00e8les r\u00e9pondant amen<\/em>, comme dans la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition de la \u2018Amida ou les diff\u00e9rentes mentions du Qaddich1<\/a><\/sup>. Aussi l\u2019officiant doit-il \u00eatre convenable, de bon renom, modeste, agr\u00e9\u00e9 par ses pairs, poss\u00e9der une voix agr\u00e9able et \u00eatre habitu\u00e9 \u00e0 lire la Torah \u00e9crite\u00a0: Pentateuque, Proph\u00e8tes et Hagiographes (Taanit<\/em> 16b\u00a0; Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh <\/em>53, 4).<\/p>\n

Il faut particuli\u00e8rement insister sur lesdites conditions durant les jours redoutables2<\/a><\/sup> et les jours de je\u00fbne, car alors nous prions et implorons\u00a0 le Saint b\u00e9ni soit-Il de nous pardonner nos fautes, de nous \u00e9pargner toute souffrance et de h\u00e2ter notre D\u00e9livrance\u00a0; or si l\u2019officiant p\u00e2tit d\u2019un d\u00e9faut, la pri\u00e8re de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e risque de ne pas s\u2019\u00e9lever convenablement vers\u00a0 Dieu (Rama, Ora\u2019h \u2018Ha\u00efm<\/em> 581, 1).<\/p>\n

\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque talmudique, il \u00e9tait interdit d\u2019\u00e9crire des recueils de pri\u00e8re, car seule la Torah \u00e9crite, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la Bible, \u00e9tait autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 la copie, tandis qu\u2019il \u00e9tait interdit de porter \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9crit la tradition orale, au sein de laquelle on trouve les pri\u00e8res et les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions institu\u00e9es par les sages (Temoura<\/em> 14b). D\u00e8s lors, le r\u00f4le de l\u2019officiant \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s important, car il devait r\u00e9citer toute la pri\u00e8re \u00e0 voix haute, afin d\u2019acquitter les fid\u00e8les de leur obligation. On choisissait alors un officiant permanent pour remplir cette haute fonction\u00a0; et toutes les conditions \u00e9nonc\u00e9es par les sages pour le choix d\u2019un officiant les jours de je\u00fbne \u00e9taient valables pour le choix d\u2019un officiant permanent. A priori, il fallait que chaque membre de la communaut\u00e9 s\u2019accord\u00e2t avec la nomination de l\u2019officiant, car celui-ci \u00e9tait destin\u00e9 \u00e0 acquitter chacun de son obligation. Cependant, de nos jours o\u00f9 chacun a son sidour <\/em>(livre de pri\u00e8res), le r\u00f4le de l\u2019officiant est moins important, et l\u2019on n\u2019a pas l\u2019usage de nommer un officiant fixe pour toute l\u2019ann\u00e9e\u00a0; plut\u00f4t, chaque jour un fid\u00e8le diff\u00e9rent prend place au pupitre ; aussi est-on moins pointilleux dans le choix de l\u2019officiant (Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 53, 19\u00a0; Michna Beroura<\/em> 53, 53).<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 cela, les responsables de la communaut\u00e9 (gaba\u00efm<\/em>) doivent faire en sorte que les officiants qui se pr\u00e9sentent au pupitre soient convenables, observent la Torah et les commandements, et que le public accepte qu\u2019ils soient leurs d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s pour le temps de la pri\u00e8re, car les officiants ont la responsabilit\u00e9 de dire, par d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e, la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition de la \u2018Amida et le Qaddich (cf. Kaf Ha\u2019ha\u00efm<\/em> 53, 86). Et pour ce qui concerne les offices de Chabbat et de f\u00eates, durant lesquels il est d\u2019usage que les officiants entonnent de v\u00e9ritables chants et cantiques pendant certains passages de la pri\u00e8re, on devra faire en sorte que les officiants poss\u00e8dent un talent musical et une belle voix.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00bb.<\/li>\n
  2. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n
    <\/div>\n
      \n
    1. Pri\u00e8re r\u00e9dig\u00e9e en aram\u00e9en, qui ponctue les diff\u00e9rentes parties d\u2019un office. Elle tire son nom (litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab\u00a0sanctification\u00a0\u00bb) de sa premi\u00e8re phrase\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Que soit exalt\u00e9 et sanctifi\u00e9 Son grand nom\u00a0 ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n
    2. De Roch Hachana \u00e0 Yom Kippour. ↩<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      L\u2019officiant (\u2018hazan) conduit la pri\u00e8re. \u00c0 certains moments, toute l\u2019assembl\u00e9e r\u00e9cite avec lui la pri\u00e8re, tandis que lui fixe le rythme\u00a0; \u00e0 d\u2019autres moments, il est seul \u00e0 prononcer la pri\u00e8re, les fid\u00e8les r\u00e9pondant amen, comme dans la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition de la \u2018Amida ou les diff\u00e9rentes mentions du Qaddich1. Aussi l\u2019officiant doit-il \u00eatre convenable, de bon […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-02-04"],"yoast_head":"\n01 \u2013 Qui est apte \u00e0 \u00eatre officiant ? - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-04-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"01 \u2013 Qui est apte \u00e0 \u00eatre officiant ? - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019officiant (\u2018hazan) conduit la pri\u00e8re. \u00c0 certains moments, toute l\u2019assembl\u00e9e r\u00e9cite avec lui la pri\u00e8re, tandis que lui fixe le rythme\u00a0; \u00e0 d\u2019autres moments, il est seul \u00e0 prononcer la pri\u00e8re, les fid\u00e8les r\u00e9pondant amen, comme dans la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition de la \u2018Amida ou les diff\u00e9rentes mentions du Qaddich1. 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