{"id":5298,"date":"2026-01-01T06:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-01-01T04:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5298"},"modified":"2026-01-18T15:33:07","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T13:33:07","slug":"10-01-06","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-01-06\/","title":{"rendered":"06. Libell\u00e9 des b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Les membres de la Grande Assembl\u00e9e (<em>Anch\u00e9 Knesset Haguedola<\/em>), avec \u00e0 leur t\u00eate Ezra le scribe, fix\u00e8rent le texte des b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions et des pri\u00e8res (<em>Berakhot<\/em> 33a). Certes, le fondement du <em>Birkat hamazon<\/em> est toranique, et Mo\u00efse notre ma\u00eetre, Josu\u00e9 fils de Noun, le roi David et le roi Salomon \u00e9tablirent les principes des b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions qui le composent, comme nous le verrons par la suite (chap. 4 \u00a7 1). Mais la version finale du <em>Birkat hamazon<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 scell\u00e9e par les membres de la Grande Assembl\u00e9e (<em>S\u00e9fer Ha\u2018hinoukh<\/em> 430).<\/p>\n<p>Les sages ont institu\u00e9 trois cat\u00e9gories de b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions\u00a0: a) les <em>birkot han\u00e9h\u00e9nin<\/em> (b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions de jouissance)\u00a0; ce sont des <em>berakhot<\/em> de reconnaissance <em>pour le profit que l\u2019homme tire du monde cr\u00e9\u00e9 par Dieu, b\u00e9ni soit-Il<\/em>, et c\u2019est \u00e0 elles que le pr\u00e9sent livre est principalement consacr\u00e9. b) Les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions r\u00e9cit\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de l\u2019accomplissement d\u2019une mitsva\u00a0; leur propos est d\u2019orienter la conscience de l\u2019homme vers la mitsva qu\u2019il s\u2019appr\u00eate \u00e0 accomplir. c) Les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions de louange, comme le sont les <em>birkot hacha\u2018har<\/em> (b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions matinales) et les <em>birkot har\u00e9\u00efya<\/em> (qui se r\u00e9citent lorsque l\u2019on voit certains ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes, cf. chap. 15). Certaines b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions de louange comportent \u00e9galement une requ\u00eate, comme on le voit dans celles qui composent la \u2018Amida (Ma\u00efmonide, <em>Hilkhot berakhot<\/em> 1, 4).<\/p>\n<p>Il ne faut pas modifier le libell\u00e9 des b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions. Si on l\u2019a modifi\u00e9 \u2013 d\u00e8s lors que l\u2019on n\u2019a pas prononc\u00e9 <em>Baroukh<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0b\u00e9ni\u00a0\u00bb), ou que l\u2019on n\u2019a pas mentionn\u00e9 le nom de Dieu (<em>Ado-na\u00ef<\/em> ou <em>\u00c9lo-h\u00e9nou<\/em>) et sa royaut\u00e9 (\u00ab\u00a0Roi de l\u2019univers\u00a0\u00bb), ou que l\u2019on a omis le contenu principal de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction \u2013 on n\u2019est point quitte de son obligation (<em>Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 214, 1\u00a0; cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, chap. 12 \u00a7 6).<\/p>\n<p>Si l\u2019on a dit la <em>berakha<\/em> dans une traduction en langue autre que l\u2019h\u00e9breu, on est quitte de son obligation (<em>Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 185, 1). Cependant, a priori, il faut dire les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions en h\u00e9breu, qui est la langue sainte, dans laquelle les sages ont fix\u00e9 leur texte (<em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 185, 1). Si l\u2019on ne comprend pas l\u2019h\u00e9breu, on peut a priori, tant qu\u2019on n\u2019a pas appris cette langue, dire les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions dans une traduction (cf. <em>Pnin\u00e9 Halakha \u2013 La Pri\u00e8re d\u2019Isra\u00ebl<\/em> 17, 8).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les membres de la Grande Assembl\u00e9e (Anch\u00e9 Knesset Haguedola), avec \u00e0 leur t\u00eate Ezra le scribe, fix\u00e8rent le texte des b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions et des pri\u00e8res (Berakhot 33a). Certes, le fondement du Birkat hamazon est toranique, et Mo\u00efse notre ma\u00eetre, Josu\u00e9 fils de Noun, le roi David et le roi Salomon \u00e9tablirent les principes des b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions qui [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[232],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10-01"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>06. 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Certes, le fondement du Birkat hamazon est toranique, et Mo\u00efse notre ma\u00eetre, Josu\u00e9 fils de Noun, le roi David et le roi Salomon \u00e9tablirent les principes des b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions qui [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-01-06\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-01T04:00:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-18T13:33:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/10-01-06\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/10-01-06\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/716cb852d9b9d1fb36cf3b60a4415178\"},\"headline\":\"06. 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