{"id":5328,"date":"2026-01-02T04:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-01-02T02:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5328"},"modified":"2026-01-28T12:55:50","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T10:55:50","slug":"10-02-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-02-04\/","title":{"rendered":"04. B\u00e9n\u00e9diction portant sur une mitsva rabbinique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019ablution des mains est l\u2019une des sept mitsvot qu\u2019institu\u00e8rent les sages. La Torah a donn\u00e9 autorit\u00e9 aux sages pour d\u00e9cider de mitsvot, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Tu auras soin de te conformer \u00e0 toutes leurs instructions. (\u2026) Tu ne t\u2019\u00e9carteras de la parole qu\u2019ils te diront ni \u00e0 droite ni \u00e0 gauche.\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 17, 10-11) Aussi disons-nous, comme b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sur l\u2019ablution des mains\u00a0:\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0B\u00e9ni sois-Tu, \u00c9ternel, notre Dieu, Roi de l\u2019univers, qui nous as sanctifi\u00e9s par tes commandements, et nous as ordonn\u00e9 l\u2019ablution des mains\u00a0\u00bb (<em>Baroukh Ata, Ado-na\u00ef, Elo-h\u00e9nou, M\u00e9lekh ha\u2018olam, acher qidechanou b\u00e9mitsvotav v\u00e9tsivanou \u2018al n\u00e9tilat yada\u00efm<\/em>). En effet, bien que cette ablution ne soit pas mentionn\u00e9e dans la Torah \u00e9crite, celle-ci nous ordonne d\u2019observer les directives des sages&lt;<sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref2_2\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn2_2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Par principe, les mitsvot dont le fondement r\u00e9side dans la Torah \u00e9crite ont une importance sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celles qui sont \u00e9dict\u00e9es par les sages. Ainsi, nous tenons pour r\u00e8gle halakhique qu\u2019en tout cas de doute, si la mitsva a pour source la Torah \u00e9crite, il faut \u00eatre rigoureux\u00a0; et si la r\u00e8gle est rabbinique, on est indulgent. Cependant, dans une certaine mesure, les paroles des sages sont plus pr\u00e9cieuses encore que celles de la Torah (Talmud de J\u00e9rusalem, <em>Berakhot<\/em> 1, 4)\u00a0; car les directives des sages expriment une volont\u00e9, du c\u00f4t\u00e9 du peuple juif, de prendre sur soi des mitsvot suppl\u00e9mentaires, afin de s\u2019\u00e9lever, de se sanctifier et de se rapprocher davantage de la perfection.<\/p>\n<p>Il faut savoir que, en raison de la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 et de la saintet\u00e9 de la Torah \u00e9crite, il est ardu d\u2019appr\u00e9hender la profondeur de ses id\u00e9es, et d\u2019observer ses commandements. Afin que nous puissions observer la Torah, l\u2019\u00c9ternel a ordonn\u00e9 aux sages de dresser autour d\u2019elle une haie protectrice, et de promulguer des d\u00e9crets gr\u00e2ce auxquels nous pourrons suivre toutes les mitsvot toraniques. En d\u2019autres termes, les mitsvot des sages constituent un pont indispensable entre l\u2019homme et la Torah divine\u00a0; car en effet, ces mitsvot expriment l\u2019id\u00e9e divine telle qu\u2019elle est re\u00e7ue <em>en ce monde-ci<\/em>, dans la conscience humaine des sages d\u2019Isra\u00ebl.<\/p>\n<p>Afin que l\u2019on n\u2019en v\u00eent pas \u00e0 prendre \u00e0 la l\u00e9g\u00e8re les paroles des sages, ceux-ci donn\u00e8rent parfois \u00e0 leurs prescriptions une force contraignante encore sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle des prescriptions toraniques (<em>\u2018Erouvin<\/em> 77a). La Michna raconte ainsi qu\u2019El\u00e9azar, fils de \u2018Hanokh, mit en doute la directive portant sur l\u2019ablution des mains, et que les sages le mirent au ban. Quand il mourut, le <em>beit-din<\/em> commit un \u00e9missaire pour poser une pierre sur son cercueil, car lorsqu\u2019un homme meurt alors qu\u2019il se trouve banni, on \u00ab\u00a0lapide\u00a0\u00bb symboliquement son cercueil (<em>\u2018Edouyot<\/em> 5, 6).<\/p>\n<p>Le Talmud raconte encore que, dans sa vieillesse, Rabbi Aqiba fut emprisonn\u00e9 par les Romains. Chaque jour, son serviteur Yehochoua lui apportait de la nourriture et de l\u2019eau, pour la boisson et l\u2019ablution des mains. Un jour, le ge\u00f4lier renversa la moiti\u00e9 de l\u2019eau, de sorte qu\u2019il n\u2019en resta plus assez pour l\u2019ablution et pour la boisson. Rabbi Aqiba pr\u00e9f\u00e9ra se servir de cette eau pour l\u2019ablution des mains, plut\u00f4t que pour boire (<em>\u2018Erouvin<\/em> 21b). Certes, du strict point de vue halakhique, en un tel cas de contrainte, Rabbi Aqiba \u00e9tait dispens\u00e9 de se laver les mains\u00a0; mais il pr\u00e9f\u00e9ra \u00eatre rigoureux envers lui-m\u00eame et se mettre presque en danger par la soif, pourvu qu\u2019il observ\u00e2t les paroles des sages prescrivant l\u2019ablution rituelle avant le repas. Par cet esprit de sacrifice, Rabbi Aqiba enseigna \u00e0 chacun d\u2019entre nous combien il est important d\u2019\u00eatre pointilleux dans l\u2019observance des d\u00e9crets des sages.<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div><a id=\"_te01ftn2_2\" href=\"#_te01ftnref2_2\">[2]<\/a>. Les sept mitsvot rabbiniques sont\u00a0: 1) la lecture du Hallel certains jours d\u00e9termin\u00e9s\u00a0; 2) la lecture de la M\u00e9guila (rouleau d\u2019Esther) \u00e0 Pourim\u00a0; 3) l\u2019allumage des bougies de Hanouka\u00a0; 4) l\u2019allumage des bougies de Chabbat\u00a0; 5) l\u2019ablution des mains\u00a0; 6) les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions de jouissance (<em>birkot ha-n\u00e9h\u00e9nin<\/em>), celles relatives aux mitsvot (<em>birkot ha-mitsvot<\/em>), les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions de louange (<em>birkot ha-ch\u00e9va\u2018h<\/em>) et de requ\u00eate (<em>birkot ha-baqacha<\/em>)\u00a0; 7) la jonction des domaines (<em>\u00e9rouv<\/em>). Il convient de signaler qu\u2019\u00e0 toutes les prescriptions des sages il est fait allusion dans la Torah \u00e9crite. Ainsi de l\u2019ablution des mains, comme l\u2019explique le Talmud \u00e0 propos d\u2019un verset (<em>\u2018Houlin<\/em> 106a).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019ablution des mains est l\u2019une des sept mitsvot qu\u2019institu\u00e8rent les sages. La Torah a donn\u00e9 autorit\u00e9 aux sages pour d\u00e9cider de mitsvot, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Tu auras soin de te conformer \u00e0 toutes leurs instructions. (\u2026) Tu ne t\u2019\u00e9carteras de la parole qu\u2019ils te diront ni \u00e0 droite ni \u00e0 gauche.\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 17, 10-11) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[233],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10-02"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>04. 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(\u2026) Tu ne t\u2019\u00e9carteras de la parole qu\u2019ils te diront ni \u00e0 droite ni \u00e0 gauche.\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 17, 10-11) [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-02-04\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-02T02:00:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-28T10:55:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/10-02-04\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/10-02-04\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/716cb852d9b9d1fb36cf3b60a4415178\"},\"headline\":\"04. 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