{"id":5339,"date":"2026-01-02T07:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-01-02T05:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5339"},"modified":"2026-01-19T13:18:49","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T11:18:49","slug":"10-02-07","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-02-07\/","title":{"rendered":"07. L\u2019eau"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Il faut proc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019ablution \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un ustensile contenant au moins un quart de <em>log<\/em> d\u2019eau, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire environ le volume d\u2019un \u0153uf et demi (75 ml\u00a0; cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, chap. 10, note 11). Celui qui se laverait les mains avec une mesure inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle-l\u00e0 ne serait pas quitte de son obligation (cf. pr\u00e9sent chapitre, \u00a7 11-12).<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019eau doit \u00eatre limpide, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 son apparence naturelle. Si elle a chang\u00e9 d\u2019aspect, elle ne peut valablement servir \u00e0 l\u2019ablution. D\u2019apr\u00e8s cela, il est interdit de faire l\u2019ablution des mains \u00e0 l\u2019aide de jus (ou de tout liquide autre qu\u2019une eau sans m\u00e9lange), car ce liquide aurait le statut d\u2019eau dont l\u2019aspect a \u00e9t\u00e9 alt\u00e9r\u00e9 (<em>Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh, Ora\u2018h \u2018Ha\u00efm<\/em> 160, 1).<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019eau qui a servi \u00e0 l\u2019ex\u00e9cution d\u2019un travail ou d\u2019un ouvrage (<em>m\u00e9lakha<\/em>) n\u2019est pas valide pour l\u2019ablution des mains, car elle est devenue, par le biais de ce travail, semblable \u00e0 des eaux d\u2019\u00e9gout (<em>mei chofkhim<\/em>). Aussi, de l\u2019eau qui a servi \u00e0 nettoyer de la vaisselle est-elle invalide pour l\u2019ablution. De m\u00eame, une eau dans laquelle on a plong\u00e9 un biberon chaud afin de le refroidir et de le donner \u00e0 un b\u00e9b\u00e9 ne peut servir \u00e0 l\u2019ablution, car elle aura servi \u00e0 une <em>m\u00e9lakha<\/em> (<em>Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 160, 2).<\/p>\n<p>Pour expliquer un peu la vertu de la puret\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d\u2019eau, il faut d\u2019abord dire que, comme on le sait, l\u2019impuret\u00e9 ressortit \u00e0 la mort et \u00e0 l\u2019an\u00e9antissement\u00a0; aussi le corps d\u2019un mort est-il la source premi\u00e8re de transmission de l\u2019impuret\u00e9 (<em>avi avot hatouma<\/em>). \u00c0 l\u2019inverse, l\u2019eau est le liquide de la vie, car c\u2019est par son biais que toutes sortes de plantes et d\u2019\u00eatres vivants subsistent. De plus, l\u2019eau a pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 toutes les cr\u00e9atures\u00a0: d\u00e8s avant le commencement de l\u2019\u0153uvre de la cr\u00e9ation (<em>ma\u2018ass\u00e9 b\u00e9r\u00e9chit<\/em>), il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Et le souffle de Dieu planait au-dessus des eaux\u00a0\u00bb (Gn 1, 2), de sorte que l\u2019eau est le fondement premier de la cr\u00e9ation. C\u2019est peut-\u00eatre pour cela que la Torah a prescrit \u00e0 l\u2019homme rendu impur \u2013 et qui s\u2019est, par-l\u00e0, \u00e9loign\u00e9 de sa source de vie \u2013 de s\u2019immerger enti\u00e8rement dans une source d\u2019eau vive (<em>miqv\u00e9<\/em>), principe de vie primordial de l\u2019univers. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cela, les racines de vie qui sont en lui s\u2019\u00e9veilleront, son \u00e2me pure se renforcera, et l\u2019impuret\u00e9 qui s\u2019\u00e9tait attach\u00e9e \u00e0 sa chair le quittera. De plus, l\u2019eau a pour propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de nettoyer la souillure qui s\u2019est attach\u00e9e au corps\u00a0; l\u2019immersion exprime donc le fait que, de m\u00eame que la souillure se nettoie et dispara\u00eet \u00e0 l\u2019aide de l\u2019eau, de m\u00eame <em>l\u2019impuret\u00e9<\/em>, qui s\u2019\u00e9tait attach\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9riorit\u00e9 de l\u2019homme, passe et dispara\u00eet \u00e0 l\u2019aide de l\u2019immersion dans l\u2019eau (cf. <em>Pnin\u00e9 Halakha \u2013 Les Lois de puret\u00e9 familiale<\/em> 1, 11-12).<\/p>\n<p>Ce motif est aussi pertinent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de l\u2019ablution pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant le repas. Manger risque en effet de faire chuter l\u2019homme dans le mat\u00e9rialisme\u00a0; mais quand il purifie pr\u00e9alablement ses mains \u00e0 l\u2019eau, principe de la vie, il \u00e9l\u00e8ve son alimentation \u00e0 une dimension id\u00e9ale, o\u00f9 la nourriture et les bonnes saveurs qu\u2019elle poss\u00e8de conf\u00e8rent \u00e0 l\u2019homme force et joie, pour mener une vie pleine de contenu.<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est peut-\u00eatre la raison pour laquelle les sages louent celui qui verse l\u2019eau en abondance sur ses mains (<em>Chabbat<\/em> 62b). Le propos vise celui qui apporte \u00e0 l\u2019ablution un suppl\u00e9ment de perfection, de fa\u00e7on que l\u2019eau lave toute la main\u00a0; mais l\u2019intention n\u2019est pas d\u2019encourager l\u2019utilisation d\u2019une abondance d\u2019eau sans n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, car cela est interdit au titre du gaspillage (<em>bal tach\u2018hit<\/em>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il faut proc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019ablution \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un ustensile contenant au moins un quart de log d\u2019eau, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire environ le volume d\u2019un \u0153uf et demi (75 ml\u00a0; cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, chap. 10, note 11). Celui qui se laverait les mains avec une mesure inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle-l\u00e0 ne serait pas quitte de son obligation (cf. pr\u00e9sent chapitre, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[233],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10-02"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>07. 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Celui qui se laverait les mains avec une mesure inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle-l\u00e0 ne serait pas quitte de son obligation (cf. pr\u00e9sent chapitre, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-02-07\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-02T05:00:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-19T11:18:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/10-02-07\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/10-02-07\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/716cb852d9b9d1fb36cf3b60a4415178\"},\"headline\":\"07. 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