{"id":5370,"date":"2026-01-02T17:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-01-02T15:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5370"},"modified":"2026-01-28T14:31:10","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T12:31:10","slug":"10-02-17","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-02-17\/","title":{"rendered":"17. Cas de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pressante"},"content":{"rendered":"

Si l\u2019on veut manger du pain, et que l\u2019on n\u2019ait pas d\u2019eau pour se laver les mains, les sages font obligation de marcher jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la distance d\u2019un mille talmudique (pr\u00e8s d\u2019un kilom\u00e8tre, soit environ dix-huit minutes de marche[j]<\/a><\/sup>) pour trouver de l\u2019eau, afin d\u2019accomplir la mitsva de l\u2019ablution des mains. Mais si l\u2019eau est \u00e9loign\u00e9e de plus d\u2019un mille, on enveloppera ses mains dans un v\u00eatement ou des gants, afin de cr\u00e9er une s\u00e9paration entre les mains et le pain\u00a0; on dira alors la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Hamotsi <\/em>et l\u2019on mangera (Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 163, 1).<\/p>\n

Si l\u2019on est en chemin, et que l\u2019on sache que l\u2019on pourra trouver de l\u2019eau \u00e0 quelques kilom\u00e8tres de l\u00e0, chemin faisant, la r\u00e8gle est la suivante\u00a0: si l\u2019eau se trouve \u00e0 une distance inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 quatre milles (pr\u00e8s de quatre kilom\u00e8tres, soit environ soixante-douze minutes de marche), on devra continuer sa route, et, lorsqu\u2019on sera arriv\u00e9 au point d\u2019eau, on se lavera les mains et l\u2019on mangera. Si l\u2019eau n\u2019est pas sur son chemin m\u00eame, mais \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cart ou en arri\u00e8re, tant qu\u2019elle se trouve \u00e0 une distance inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 un mille, on devra faire ce d\u00e9tour pour se laver les mains.<\/p>\n

Mais si l\u2019eau se trouve \u00e0 une distance sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 quatre milles sur sa route, ou \u00e0 une distance sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 un mille en faisant un d\u00e9tour, et que l\u2019on ait faim, il sera permis de se couvrir les mains de gants, ou de les envelopper d\u2019un v\u00eatement, et de manger sans ablution pr\u00e9alable. Si l\u2019on n\u2019a point de v\u00eatement pour se couvrir les mains, on mangera le pain \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une fourchette ou d\u2019une cuiller, afin de ne pas le toucher de ses mains (cf. Rema 163, 1\u00a0; Michna Beroura <\/em>7)[12]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
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[j]<\/a>. Cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, note 12.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a>. Suivant le Rav \u2018Ha\u00efm Naeh, le mille dont parle la litt\u00e9rature rabbinique \u00e9gale 960 m\u00e8tres, et une ama<\/em> (coud\u00e9e) 48 centim\u00e8tres. Selon le \u2018Hazon Ich<\/em>, un mille fait 1152 m, une ama<\/em> 57,6 cm. Selon le calcul mis \u00e0 jour, le mille mesure 912 m, et l\u2019ama<\/em> 45,6 cm (Midot Ouchi\u2018our\u00e9 Torah<\/em> du Rav \u2018Ha\u00efm Benish, 5, 24 et 6, 4). L\u2019obligation de marcher jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la distance d\u2019un mille ou de quatre mille vaut pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment quand on sait que l\u2019on trouvera l\u00e0 de l\u2019eau. Mais si l\u2019on en doute, on n\u2019est point oblig\u00e9 de parcourir cette distance.<\/p>\n

Dans La Pri\u00e8re d\u2019Isra\u00ebl<\/em> (Pnin\u00e9 Halakha \u2013 T\u00e9phila<\/em>), chap. 2, note 4, nous abordons le cas du voyage en automobile\u00a0: faut-il trancher selon la distance<\/em> (mille) ou selon la dur\u00e9e<\/em> du trajet (dix-huit minutes)\u00a0? En pratique, si l\u2019on est sur la route et qu\u2019aucun d\u00e9tour ne soit n\u00e9cessaire pour parvenir au point d\u2019eau, on devra poursuivre sa route jusqu\u2019\u00e0 72 minutes\u00a0; mais si l\u2019on se trouve chez soi, ou que l\u2019on doive faire un d\u00e9tour par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019itin\u00e9raire pr\u00e9vu, l\u2019obligation ne d\u00e9passera pas la distance<\/em> d\u2019un mille, quoiqu\u2019il soit bon d\u2019\u00eatre rigoureux en adoptant la dur\u00e9e<\/em> que prend une marche d\u2019un mille.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Si l\u2019on veut manger du pain, et que l\u2019on n\u2019ait pas d\u2019eau pour se laver les mains, les sages font obligation de marcher jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la distance d\u2019un mille talmudique (pr\u00e8s d\u2019un kilom\u00e8tre, soit environ dix-huit minutes de marche[j]) pour trouver de l\u2019eau, afin d\u2019accomplir la mitsva de l\u2019ablution des mains. Mais si l\u2019eau est \u00e9loign\u00e9e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[233],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10-02"],"yoast_head":"\n17. 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