{"id":5428,"date":"2026-01-04T07:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-01-04T05:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5428"},"modified":"2026-01-25T11:29:56","modified_gmt":"2026-01-25T09:29:56","slug":"10-04-07","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-04-07\/","title":{"rendered":"07. Passages additionnels du Chabbat et des f\u00eates"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Aux jours saints, o\u00f9 jadis on offrait un sacrifice additionnel (<em>qorban Moussaf<\/em>), les sages ont institu\u00e9 la mention, dans le <em>Birkat hamazon<\/em>, de la saintet\u00e9 du jour. En effet, ces jours-l\u00e0, l\u2019alimentation ne peut se comparer \u00e0 celle des jours profanes\u00a0: elle est porteuse d\u2019un suppl\u00e9ment de mitsva et de saintet\u00e9, et il faut donner expression \u00e0 cela dans la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction de la nourriture. Le Chabbat, on r\u00e9cite le passage <em>Rets\u00e9 v\u00e9-ha\u2018halits\u00e9nou<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Veuille nous d\u00e9livrer\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0; le Yom tov, \u00e0 \u2018Hol hamo\u2019ed et les jours de Roch \u2018hodech, on dit\u00a0le passage <em>Ya\u2018al\u00e9 v\u00e9yavo<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Que s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve, te parvienne\u2026 [et soit agr\u00e9\u00e9 notre souvenir]\u00a0\u00bb). Les sages ont d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 que ces ajouts seraient r\u00e9cit\u00e9s au sein de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction <em>Bon\u00e9 Yerouchala\u00efm<\/em><sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref4_9\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn4_9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>, car celle-ci contient une requ\u00eate de <em>mis\u00e9ricorde<\/em> divine, or les textes institu\u00e9s par nos sages pour mentionner les jours saints contiennent, eux aussi, de semblables requ\u00eates\u00a0: dans <em>Rets\u00e9 v\u00e9-ha\u2018halits\u00e9nou<\/em>, nous demandons \u00e0 Dieu de nous donner part \u00e0 la saintet\u00e9 du jour de Chabbat, que nous y ch\u00f4mions, y prenions du repos, que nous assistions \u00e0 la consolation de Sion et de J\u00e9rusalem\u00a0; dans <em>Ya\u2018al\u00e9 v\u00e9yavo<\/em>, nous demandons \u00e0 Dieu de se souvenir de nous de fa\u00e7on favorable, de nous avoir en mis\u00e9ricorde et de nous secourir (<em>Berakhot<\/em> 49a, <em>Chabbat<\/em> 24a et <em>Tossephot <\/em>ad loc.).<\/p>\n<p>Quand Yom tov ou Roch \u2018hodech tombe un Chabbat, on r\u00e9cite d\u2019abord <em>Rets\u00e9 v\u00e9-ha\u2018halits\u00e9nou<\/em> \u2013 car le Chabbat est plus fr\u00e9quent et d\u2019un plus haut degr\u00e9 de saintet\u00e9 \u2013, puis <em>Ya\u2018al\u00e9 v\u00e9yavo<\/em> (<em>Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 188, 5, <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 13).<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 \u2018Hanouka et \u00e0 Pourim, o\u00f9 les sages ont prescrit de louer l\u2019\u00c9ternel pour les miracles qui eurent lieu en ces jours, c\u2019est dans la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction de la terre<sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref4_10\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn4_10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>, qui pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment exprime la notion de reconnaissance (<em>hodaa<\/em>), que l\u2019on r\u00e9cite le texte pr\u00e9vu \u00e0 cette fin\u00a0: <em>\u2018Al hanissim<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0Pour les miracles\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n<p>Si l\u2019on a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 prendre le troisi\u00e8me repas de Chabbat (<em>s\u00e9\u2018ouda chelichit<\/em>) avant le coucher du soleil (<em>cheqi\u2018a<\/em>), et qu\u2019on l\u2019ait termin\u00e9 apr\u00e8s la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit (<em>tset hakokhavim<\/em>), on r\u00e9citera, dans le <em>Birkat hamazon<\/em>, le passage <em>Rets\u00e9 v\u00e9-ha\u2018halits\u00e9nou<\/em>. En effet, puisque, au moment o\u00f9 l\u2019on a commenc\u00e9 son repas, c\u2019\u00e9tait Chabbat, c\u2019est d\u00e8s le Chabbat que l\u2019on a contract\u00e9 l\u2019obligation de dire le <em>Birkat hamazon<\/em>\u00a0; d\u00e8s lors, on a \u00e9galement pris sur soi l\u2019obligation d\u2019y r\u00e9citer <em>Rets\u00e9<\/em>. La r\u00e8gle est la m\u00eame, s\u2019agissant des autres jours saints\u00a0: si l\u2019on a commenc\u00e9 le repas en un moment o\u00f9 l\u2019on aurait eu \u00e0 ajouter un passage au <em>Birkat hamazon<\/em> \u2013 et quoique l\u2019on termine son repas apr\u00e8s la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit \u2013 on doit ajouter ce \u00e0 quoi l\u2019on s\u2019\u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 oblig\u00e9 au d\u00e9but de son repas. Cas inverse\u00a0: si l\u2019on a commenc\u00e9 son repas un jour ordinaire, et qu\u2019on l\u2019ait poursuivi apr\u00e8s la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit, laquelle marque l\u2019entr\u00e9e de Roch \u2018hodech, on devra ajouter au <em>Birkat hamazon<\/em> le passage <em>Ya\u2018al\u00e9 v\u00e9yavo<\/em>, d\u00e8s lors que l\u2019on aura continu\u00e9 de manger un <em>kaza\u00eft<\/em> de pain apr\u00e8s la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit<sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref4_11\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn4_11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Si Roch \u2018hodech tombe \u00e0 l\u2019issue de Chabbat, et que l\u2019on ait continu\u00e9 de manger un <em>kaza\u00eft<\/em> de pain apr\u00e8s la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit, les d\u00e9cisionnaires sont partag\u00e9s sur ce qu\u2019il convient de mentionner dans le <em>Birkat hamazon\u00a0<\/em>: est-ce Roch \u2018hodech seulement (<em>Maguen Avraham<\/em> 183, 13), Chabbat seulement (<em>Ben Ich \u2018Ha\u00ef<\/em>, <em>Ye\u2018hav\u00e9 Da\u2018at<\/em> III 55), ou bien encore les deux, parce que le temps du repas unit les deux jours (<em>Tour\u00e9 Zahav<\/em> 7, <em>Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh Harav<\/em> 17)\u00a0? Certains ont l\u2019usage d\u2019achever leur repas avant la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit, afin d\u2019\u00e9chapper au doute, et de ne mentionner que <em>Rets\u00e9<\/em>. Selon notre ma\u00eetre le Rav Tsvi Yehouda Kook \u2013 que la m\u00e9moire du juste soit b\u00e9nie \u2013, si l\u2019on veut prolonger son repas apr\u00e8s la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit en mangeant alors un <em>kaza\u00eft<\/em> de pain, on dira \u00e0 la fois <em>Rets\u00e9<\/em> et <em>Ya\u2018al\u00e9 v\u00e9yavo<\/em> (<em>\u2018Olat R\u00e9\u00efya <\/em>I p. 364).<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<p><a href='#_te01ftnref4_9' id='_te01ftn4_9'>[9]<\/a>. Troisi\u00e8me des quatre b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions du <em>Birkat hamazon<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href='#_te01ftnref4_10' id='_te01ftn4_10'>[10]<\/a>. Deuxi\u00e8me b\u00e9n\u00e9diction du <em>Birkat hamazon<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href='#_te01ftnref4_11' id='_te01ftn4_11'>[11]<\/a>. Selon le Roch, on suit exclusivement l\u2019heure \u00e0 laquelle on r\u00e9cite le <em>Birkat hamazon<\/em>. Si, par exemple, on le r\u00e9cite apr\u00e8s la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit qui suit le Chabbat, on ne mentionnera pas le Chabbat. Selon le <em>Hagahot Ma\u00efmoniot<\/em> du Maharam, le Maharil et l\u2019<em>Or\u2018hot \u2018Ha\u00efm<\/em>, en revanche, on va d\u2019apr\u00e8s le moment o\u00f9 l\u2019on mange\u00a0; par cons\u00e9quent, si l\u2019on a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 manger pendant Chabbat avant le coucher du soleil, on mentionnera le Chabbat. C\u2019est aussi ce qu\u2019\u00e9crivent le <em>Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 188, 10 et de nombreux A\u2018haronim. Cela laisse entendre que, dans le cas m\u00eame o\u00f9 l\u2019on <em>termine <\/em>son repas en un jour nouveau, pour lequel un texte additionnel est prescrit, on mentionnera ledit texte, comme l\u2019\u00e9crit le <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 188, 33\u00a0; c\u2019est ce qu\u2019\u00e9crit le <em>Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 271, 6 en mati\u00e8re de Chabbat. Cependant, certains auteurs sont en d\u00e9saccord avec cela\u00a0: selon eux, on va toujours d\u2019apr\u00e8s le <em>d\u00e9but<\/em> du repas\u00a0; cf. <em>Pisq\u00e9 Techouvot<\/em> 23.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Si l\u2019on a prononc\u00e9 la pri\u00e8re d\u2019Arvit avant le <em>Birkat hamazon<\/em>, on ne r\u00e9citera point dans celui-ci le passage additionnel propre au temps o\u00f9 avait commenc\u00e9 le repas, puisque l\u2019on aura d\u00e9j\u00e0 marqu\u00e9 par sa pri\u00e8re le commencement du jour nouveau (Maharil, <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 188, 32).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aux jours saints, o\u00f9 jadis on offrait un sacrifice additionnel (qorban Moussaf), les sages ont institu\u00e9 la mention, dans le Birkat hamazon, de la saintet\u00e9 du jour. En effet, ces jours-l\u00e0, l\u2019alimentation ne peut se comparer \u00e0 celle des jours profanes\u00a0: elle est porteuse d\u2019un suppl\u00e9ment de mitsva et de saintet\u00e9, et il faut donner [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[235],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10-04"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>07. Passages additionnels du Chabbat et des f\u00eates - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-04-07\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"07. Passages additionnels du Chabbat et des f\u00eates - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aux jours saints, o\u00f9 jadis on offrait un sacrifice additionnel (qorban Moussaf), les sages ont institu\u00e9 la mention, dans le Birkat hamazon, de la saintet\u00e9 du jour. En effet, ces jours-l\u00e0, l\u2019alimentation ne peut se comparer \u00e0 celle des jours profanes\u00a0: elle est porteuse d\u2019un suppl\u00e9ment de mitsva et de saintet\u00e9, et il faut donner [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-04-07\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-04T05:00:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-25T09:29:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/10-04-07\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/10-04-07\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/716cb852d9b9d1fb36cf3b60a4415178\"},\"headline\":\"07. 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Passages additionnels du Chabbat et des f\u00eates - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-04-07\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"07. Passages additionnels du Chabbat et des f\u00eates - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","og_description":"Aux jours saints, o\u00f9 jadis on offrait un sacrifice additionnel (qorban Moussaf), les sages ont institu\u00e9 la mention, dans le Birkat hamazon, de la saintet\u00e9 du jour. En effet, ces jours-l\u00e0, l\u2019alimentation ne peut se comparer \u00e0 celle des jours profanes\u00a0: elle est porteuse d\u2019un suppl\u00e9ment de mitsva et de saintet\u00e9, et il faut donner [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-04-07\/","og_site_name":"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","article_published_time":"2026-01-04T05:00:27+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-01-25T09:29:56+00:00","author":"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-04-07\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-04-07\/"},"author":{"name":"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8","@id":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/716cb852d9b9d1fb36cf3b60a4415178"},"headline":"07. 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