{"id":5441,"date":"2026-01-04T10:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-01-04T08:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5441"},"modified":"2026-01-25T11:42:37","modified_gmt":"2026-01-25T09:42:37","slug":"10-04-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-04-10\/","title":{"rendered":"10. R\u00e8gles relatives \u00e0 mayim a\u2018haronim<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quand on a coutume de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re ablution, il n\u2019est n\u00e9cessaire de verser l\u2019eau que sur les deux phalanges externes des doigts, et, pour le pouce, sur la phalange externe, puisque la souillure des r\u00e9sidus alimentaires ne parvient pas au-del\u00e0 (Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 181, 4). Certains apportent un suppl\u00e9ment de perfection \u00e0 leur pratique, en versant l\u2019eau sur l\u2019int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des doigts (B\u00e9our Halakha<\/em>, passage commen\u00e7ant par \u2018Ad\u00a0<\/em>; Kaf Ha\u2018ha\u00efm<\/em> 17).<\/p>\n

Aucune des r\u00e8gles dont l\u2019observance conditionne la validit\u00e9 de l\u2019ablution pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant le repas ne s\u2019applique \u00e0 l\u2019ablution qui le suit. Ainsi, il n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessaire de se laver les mains \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un ustensile\u00a0; on peut verser l\u2019eau sur ses mains directement depuis le robinet, et de nombreuses personnes font ainsi. Il n\u2019y a pas non plus de mesure minimale de l\u2019eau\u00a0: l\u2019essentiel est qu\u2019elle nettoie les deux phalanges externes de la souillure qui a pu s\u2019y attacher[18]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

On ne verse pas sur ses doigts de l\u2019eau tr\u00e8s chaude, car, en petite quantit\u00e9 \u2013 comme c\u2019est l\u2019usage \u2013, cela causerait une absorption de souillure sur la peau des mains (cf. Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 181, 3).<\/p>\n

Pendant l\u2019ablution, il faut abaisser les doigts, de mani\u00e8re que l\u2019eau s\u2019\u00e9coule et en fasse descendre la salet\u00e9 (Sota <\/em>4b, Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh <\/em>181, 5). Il est juste de se s\u00e9cher les doigts avant de commencer la r\u00e9citation du Birkat hamazon<\/em> (Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh <\/em>181, 8, Michna Beroura<\/em> 19).<\/p>\n

On ne fait pas mayim a\u2018haronim<\/em> au-dessus du sol, car les sages enseignent que cette eau contracte un esprit d\u2019impuret\u00e9 (roua\u2018h ra\u2018a<\/em>), qui risque de causer quelque dommage. Par cons\u00e9quent, lorsqu\u2019on ne se lave pas les doigts au-dessus de l\u2019\u00e9vier, il faut les laver au-dessus d\u2019un r\u00e9cipient\u00a0; puis on jettera l\u2019eau dans l\u2019\u00e9vier, ou en un lieu o\u00f9 l\u2019on ne marche pas. On a l\u2019usage, a priori, d\u2019\u00f4ter ledit r\u00e9cipient de la table, ou de le recouvrir avant la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction[19]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019ablution finale, il faut se h\u00e2ter de commencer le Birkat hamazon<\/em>, car nos sages enseignent\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s l\u2019ablution des mains, la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction.\u00a0\u00bb (Berakhot<\/em> 42a) A priori, il ne faut pas s\u2019interrompre par des paroles, ni m\u00eame des propos de Torah, entre mayim a\u2018haronim<\/em> et Birkat hamazon<\/em>. Il ne faut pas non plus marcher, sans n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, plus de vingt-deux coud\u00e9es (amot<\/em>), ni s\u2019interrompre par un silence d\u2019une dur\u00e9e \u00e9quivalente \u00e0 celle d\u2019une marche de vingt-deux coud\u00e9es (cf. Michna Beroura<\/em> 179, 1-2, B\u00e9our Halakha<\/em> ad loc.\u00a0; 181, 15 et 24).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
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[18]<\/a>. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019\u00e9crivent le Beit Yossef<\/em> 181, le Michna Beroura<\/em> \u00a7 19 et 21 et le Cha\u2018ar Hatsioun<\/em> 31 au nom d\u2019Elya Rabba <\/em>et d\u2019autres A\u2018haronim, contrairement \u00e0 l\u2019opinion du Chilt\u00e9 Guiborim<\/em>, lequel requiert un ustensile, ainsi que d\u2019autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments conditionnant la validit\u00e9 de l\u2019ablution qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de le repas.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Certes, le Michna Beroura<\/em> 10 pr\u00e9cise qu\u2019il ne faut pas se contenter de quelques gouttes, comme certains le font\u00a0: il faut laver les deux phalanges externes des doigts. Mais si certains ont l\u2019usage de n\u2019utiliser que tr\u00e8s peu d\u2019eau, c\u2019est parce que les doigts, de nos jours, sont propres. Ce n\u2019est que pour se conformer \u00e0 la coutume cabalistique que l\u2019on proc\u00e8de \u00e0 cette ablution. \u00c0 ce titre, pour ne pas \u00e9tendre le domaine de la sitra a\u2018hara<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, monde de l\u2019impuret\u00e9), on restreint l\u2019eau, de mani\u00e8re qu\u2019elle humecte simplement les doigts, m\u00eame si elle ne suffit pas \u00e0 les nettoyer de quelque salet\u00e9. (Cf. Gaon de Vilna, selon qui il faut verser un revi\u2018it<\/em> d\u2019eau, de m\u00eame que pour l\u2019ablution initiale\u00a0; face \u00e0 cela, de nombreux auteurs estiment qu\u2019il faut limiter la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019eau pour mayim a\u2018haronim<\/em>\u00a0: c\u2019est l\u2019avis du Ben Ich \u2018Ha\u00ef, Chela\u2018h<\/em> 9 et du Kaf Ha\u2018ha\u00efm<\/em> 6\u00a0; cf. Pisq\u00e9 Techouvot<\/em> 9.)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[19]<\/a>. Cf. \u2018Houlin<\/em> 105a, Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 181, 2. Le Yabia\u2019 Omer<\/em> V 2 explique qu\u2019il est permis de se laver les mains \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9vier. Cf. B\u00e9our Halakha<\/em> \u05d3\u00a0\u00bb\u05d4 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc\u05d9, o\u00f9 il appara\u00eet que les avis sont partag\u00e9s quant au fait de savoir si, apr\u00e8s une ablution faite au-dessus d\u2019un r\u00e9cipient, il reste sur l\u2019eau un esprit d\u2019impuret\u00e9. De cela d\u00e9pend la question de savoir s\u2019il faut avoir soin de jeter l\u2019eau du r\u00e9cipient dans l\u2019\u00e9vier ou en quelque autre lieu semblable. Rabbi \u2018Ha\u00efm Falagi \u00e9crit qu\u2019il est bon de retirer le r\u00e9cipient de devant soi pendant le Birkat hamazon<\/em> (Kaf Ha\u2018ha\u00efm<\/em> 8).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quand on a coutume de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re ablution, il n\u2019est n\u00e9cessaire de verser l\u2019eau que sur les deux phalanges externes des doigts, et, pour le pouce, sur la phalange externe, puisque la souillure des r\u00e9sidus alimentaires ne parvient pas au-del\u00e0 (Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh 181, 4). Certains apportent un suppl\u00e9ment de perfection \u00e0 leur pratique, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[235],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10-04"],"yoast_head":"\n10. 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