{"id":5574,"date":"2026-01-06T07:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-01-06T05:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5574"},"modified":"2026-01-27T11:51:58","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T09:51:58","slug":"10-06-07","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-06-07\/","title":{"rendered":"07. Matsa <\/em>(pain azyme)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lorsqu\u2019on fixe son repas sur de la matsa, il est clair que l\u2019on dit la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Hamotsi <\/em>et le Birkat hamazon<\/em>. La question est de savoir quelle r\u00e8gle s\u2019applique quand on mange de la matsa autrement que dans le cadre d\u2019un repas fixe.<\/p>\n

Certains disent que la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction de la matsa est, en ce cas, M\u00e9zonot<\/em>, parce que l\u2019une des d\u00e9finitions de pat habaa b\u00e9khissanim<\/em> est\u00a0: p\u00e2te dure cuite au four, que l\u2019on croque, telle que les crackers ou les petits pains azymes individuels (appel\u00e9s matsiot<\/em>). Or, puisque nos matsot<\/em> sont \u00e9galement dures, leur b\u00e9n\u00e9diction est M\u00e9zonot<\/em>. Certes, \u00e0 Pessa\u2018h, o\u00f9 la matsa<\/em> sert de pain, on dit sur elle Hamotsi<\/em> et Birkat hamazon<\/em>, m\u00eame si l\u2019on n\u2019en mange qu\u2019un petit peu\u00a0; mais le reste de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, sa b\u00e9n\u00e9diction est M\u00e9zonot<\/em> (Guinat Vradim<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Face \u00e0 cela, de nombreux d\u00e9cisionnaires \u00e9crivent que, puisque la matsa sert de pain \u00e0 Pessa\u2018h, son statut est celui de pain tout au long de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. De plus, il y a une diff\u00e9rence de but entre la matsa<\/em>, d\u2019une part, et les crackers ou les matsiot<\/em> d\u2019autre part\u00a0: c\u2019est que, sur la matsa<\/em>, on a l\u2019habitude de fixer son repas, tandis que les matsiot<\/em> et les crackers sont mang\u00e9s comme suppl\u00e9ment ou comme en-cas. Par cons\u00e9quent, lors m\u00eame que l\u2019on mange de la matsa<\/em> de mani\u00e8re informelle, on doit dire les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions Hamotsi<\/em> et Birkat hamazon<\/em>. Telle est la coutume ashk\u00e9naze.<\/p>\n

La coutume s\u00e9farade tient compte de l\u2019opinion selon laquelle, dans le cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, le statut de la matsa <\/em>est semblable \u00e0 celui de crackers ou de matsiot<\/em>, dont la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction est M\u00e9zonot<\/em>. Cependant, a priori, il est souhaitable de sortir du doute, et de ne manger de matsa<\/em> qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur d\u2019un repas accompagn\u00e9 de pain, de fa\u00e7on que la matsa<\/em> soit couverte par la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Hamotsi<\/em>. Mais si l\u2019on veut manger de la matsa<\/em> autrement que dans le cadre d\u2019un repas, la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction sera, selon la coutume s\u00e9farade, M\u00e9zonot<\/em> (Ye\u2018hav\u00e9 Da\u2018at<\/em> III 12). \u00c0 l\u2019issue de Pessa\u2018h et au lendemain de Pessa\u2018h (Isrou \u2018hag<\/em>), tout le temps que l\u2019on n\u2019a pu acheter de pain \u2018hamets<\/em>, les S\u00e9farades, eux aussi, disent la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Hamotsi<\/em> sur la matsa<\/em>, puisque, \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0, celle-ci est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme du pain (Or l\u00e9-Tsion<\/em> XII 3)[6]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

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[6]<\/a>. La coutume ashk\u00e9naze est univoque, comme le rapporte le Tsits Eli\u00e9zer<\/em> XI 19. La coutume s\u00e9farade est expliqu\u00e9e par le Ye\u2018hav\u00e9 Da\u2018at<\/em> III 12. Il est vrai que certains d\u00e9cisionnaires s\u00e9farades ont recommand\u00e9 de dire toujours Hamotsi<\/em> sur la matsa\u00a0<\/em>; ainsi du Cheyar\u00e9 Knesset Haguedola<\/em> et du Beit David<\/em>. Mais la coutume est de dire, sur de la matsa mince, M\u00e9zonot<\/em>, comme le rapporte le Ma\u2018haziq Berakha<\/em> 158, 5. L\u2019Or l\u00e9-Tsion<\/em> II 12, 3 pr\u00e9cise que, bien qu\u2019il e\u00fbt convenu, fondamentalement, de dire Hamotsi<\/em> \u2013 puisqu\u2019il est habituel de manger la matsa <\/em>en tant que pain \u2013, la coutume est de dire M\u00e9zonot<\/em>\u00a0; et que, a priori, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de ne pas en manger hors du cadre d\u2019un repas accompagn\u00e9 de pain. Selon le Rav Mordekha\u00ef Elyahou, pour les S\u00e9farades eux-m\u00eames, les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions de la matsa sont, jusqu\u2019au 14 iyar, jour de Pessa\u2018h ch\u00e9ni, Hamotsi<\/em> et Birkat hamazon<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Quant \u00e0 la quantit\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de laquelle on consid\u00e8re que l\u2019on fixe son repas\u00a0: si l\u2019estimation tenait compte du poids<\/em> de quatre \u0153ufs, soit 200 grammes, on devrait manger pr\u00e8s de sept matsot<\/em>, quantit\u00e9 qu\u2019il n\u2019est pas habituel de manger, m\u00eame lors de grands repas. Mais nous avons vu, en note 3, que la m\u00e9thode principale consiste \u00e0 calculer d\u2019apr\u00e8s le volume\u00a0; de sorte qu\u2019avec un peu moins de trois matsot<\/em> ordinaires [carr\u00e9es] on obtient le volume de quatre kabeitsa<\/em>. Aussi, d\u00e8s lors que l\u2019on mange environ trois matsot et que l\u2019on est rassasi\u00e9, tout le monde s\u2019accorde \u00e0 dire qu\u2019il faut r\u00e9citer Hamotsi<\/em> et Birkat hamazon<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lorsqu\u2019on fixe son repas sur de la matsa, il est clair que l\u2019on dit la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Hamotsi et le Birkat hamazon. La question est de savoir quelle r\u00e8gle s\u2019applique quand on mange de la matsa autrement que dans le cadre d\u2019un repas fixe. Certains disent que la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction de la matsa est, en ce cas, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[238],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10-06"],"yoast_head":"\n07. 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