{"id":5607,"date":"2026-01-07T05:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-01-07T03:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5607"},"modified":"2026-01-27T14:07:26","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T12:07:26","slug":"10-07-05","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-07-05\/","title":{"rendered":"05. Vin que l\u2019on a m\u00eal\u00e9 d\u2019eau"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Jadis, les vins \u00e9taient si forts qu\u2019il ne convenait pas de les boire sans les m\u00ealer d\u2019eau. La proportion habituelle consistait en un quart de vin et trois quarts d\u2019eau (<em>Baba Batra <\/em>96b). M\u00eame si le vin ne formait que le sixi\u00e8me du m\u00e9lange, la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction restait <em>Hagu\u00e9fen<\/em> \u2013 puis <em>M\u00e9\u2018ein chaloch<\/em> \u00e0 la fin \u2013 tant que le go\u00fbt de ce m\u00e9lange \u00e9tait semblable \u00e0 celui du vin. Mais si la proportion de vin \u00e9tait seulement du septi\u00e8me, la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction devenait <em>Ch\u00e9hakol<\/em> (Rema, <em>Ora\u2018h \u2018Ha\u00efm<\/em> 204, 5, <em>Yor\u00e9 D\u00e9\u2018a<\/em> 134, 5).<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, de l\u2019avis de plusieurs d\u00e9cisionnaires, les vins de notre temps sont plus faibles, et ce n\u2019est que dans le cas o\u00f9 la part de vin constitue la majorit\u00e9 et l\u2019eau la minorit\u00e9 que l\u2019on dira <em>Hagu\u00e9fen<\/em>. Alors, l\u2019eau elle-m\u00eame contribue \u00e0 former la mesure de <em>revi\u2018it<\/em>, dont la consommation oblige \u00e0 r\u00e9citer la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction <em>M\u00e9\u2018ein chaloch<\/em><sup><a id=\"_te01ftnref7_4\" class=\"aup1\" href=\"#_te01ftn7_4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>S\u2019agissant de certains vins doux et bon march\u00e9, il est d\u2019usage de les m\u00ealer d\u2019eau d\u00e8s la production\u00a0; il faut donc prendre soin de ne pas ajouter beaucoup d\u2019eau quand on boit de ces vins doux et simples, de crainte que l\u2019eau ne devienne majoritaire face \u00e0 la part de vin, de sorte que, aux yeux de nombreux d\u00e9cisionnaires, on ne pourrait dire la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction <em>Hagu\u00e9fen<\/em>. Mais on peut ajouter, m\u00eame dans de tels vins, un peu d\u2019eau, qui n\u2019en change presque pas le go\u00fbt.<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<p><a id=\"_te01ftn7_4\" href=\"#_te01ftnref7_4\">[4]<\/a>. Sur la lie de vin (d\u2019autrefois, quand le vin \u00e9tait fort), le <em>Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 204, 5 \u00e9crit que, s\u2019il constitue le quart de l\u2019ensemble du m\u00e9lange [contre trois quarts d\u2019eau], on consid\u00e8re qu\u2019il s\u2019agit encore de vin. Le Rema ajoute que, pour un vin ordinaire, si la part de vin dans le m\u00e9lange constitue le sixi\u00e8me, le m\u00e9lange est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme du vin\u00a0; mais si la part de vin forme le septi\u00e8me seulement, le m\u00e9lange n\u2019est plus du vin. Le <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 29 explique qu\u2019il faut distinguer \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard entre lie et vin. Mais le <em>Kaf Ha\u2018ha\u00efm<\/em> 31 estime que, selon le <em>Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em>, le vin lui-m\u00eame doit constituer au moins le quart du m\u00e9lange.<\/p>\n<p>Le <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> ne rel\u00e8ve pas le fait que les vins contemporains sont plus faibles que ceux de jadis, ce qui laisse entendre que, \u00e0 notre \u00e9poque aussi, un sixi\u00e8me de vin dans le m\u00e9lange suffit \u00e0 conf\u00e9rer \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble le statut de vin. Telle est la coutume de plusieurs offices de cacheroute. Toutefois, les Richonim ashk\u00e9nazes (Rachbam, <em>Tossephot<\/em> sur <em>Pessa\u2018him <\/em>108b) \u00e9crivent que la puissance de nos vins a baiss\u00e9, ce que signale le <em>Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 204, 5. Selon le <em>Peri M\u00e9gadim<\/em> 204 (<em>Echel Avraham<\/em> 16), ce n\u2019est que lorsque le vin constitue plus de la <em>moiti\u00e9 <\/em>du m\u00e9lange qu\u2019il poss\u00e8de encore le statut de vin. L\u2019<em>Elya Rabba<\/em> et le <em>\u2018Aroukh Hachoul\u2018han<\/em> sont plus rigoureux\u00a0: ils estiment que le vin s\u2019est affaibli au point que m\u00eame un peu d\u2019eau est capable d\u2019en abolir le statut. Mais la halakha suit la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisionnaires, selon qui, tant que le vin forme la majorit\u00e9 du m\u00e9lange, on peut encore dire la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction <em>Hagu\u00e9fen<\/em>. Tel est l\u2019avis du <em>Kaf Ha\u2018ha\u00efm<\/em> 32 et du <em>\u2018Hazon \u2018Ovadia<\/em> 6, 2.<\/p>\n<p>Le professeur Zohar Amar pr\u00e9cise que le vin produit \u00e0 partir de raisin europ\u00e9en est moins fort que celui d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, car, gr\u00e2ce au rayonnement solaire plus intense d\u2019Erets Isra\u00ebl, la proportion de sucre dans le raisin augmente, ce qui accro\u00eet n\u00e9cessairement le degr\u00e9 d\u2019alcool cr\u00e9\u00e9 lors de la production du vin. Quoi qu\u2019il en soit, une fois que les Richonim du monde ashk\u00e9naze ont estim\u00e9 que nos vins \u00e9taient moins forts que jadis, et que cette opinion a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement adopt\u00e9e en halakha et en pratique, le vin doit constituer la majorit\u00e9, face \u00e0 l\u2019eau, afin que la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction demeure <em>Hagu\u00e9fen<\/em>. Certes, pour un vin d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, il e\u00fbt \u00e9t\u00e9 possible, de prime abord, de dire <em>Hagu\u00e9fen<\/em>, m\u00eame pour une moindre part de vin dans le m\u00e9lange\u00a0; mais puisque la coutume exigeant plus de 50 % de vin est d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien \u00e9tablie, il faut consid\u00e9rer que telle est la d\u00e9finition du vin, pour ce qui nous concerne.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jadis, les vins \u00e9taient si forts qu\u2019il ne convenait pas de les boire sans les m\u00ealer d\u2019eau. La proportion habituelle consistait en un quart de vin et trois quarts d\u2019eau (Baba Batra 96b). M\u00eame si le vin ne formait que le sixi\u00e8me du m\u00e9lange, la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction restait Hagu\u00e9fen \u2013 puis M\u00e9\u2018ein chaloch \u00e0 la fin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[239],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10-07"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>05. 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M\u00eame si le vin ne formait que le sixi\u00e8me du m\u00e9lange, la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction restait Hagu\u00e9fen \u2013 puis M\u00e9\u2018ein chaloch \u00e0 la fin [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-07-05\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-07T03:00:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-27T12:07:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/10-07-05\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/10-07-05\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u05de\u05e0\u05d4\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05e8\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/716cb852d9b9d1fb36cf3b60a4415178\"},\"headline\":\"05. 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