{"id":5769,"date":"2026-01-10T04:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-01-10T02:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5769"},"modified":"2026-04-14T14:08:26","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T11:08:26","slug":"10-10-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-10-04\/","title":{"rendered":"04. Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Si l\u2019on mange un kaza\u00eft<\/em> d\u2019aliments qui ne font pas partie des sept esp\u00e8ces, ou si l\u2019on boit un revi\u2018it<\/em> d\u2019une boisson autre que le vin, on r\u00e9cite ensuite la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em>. Jadis, cette b\u00e9n\u00e9diction \u00e9tait facultative\u00a0; Rav, le grand Amora, ne la r\u00e9citait qu\u2019apr\u00e8s avoir consomm\u00e9 des nourritures importantes, comme de la viande ou de l\u2019\u0153uf. Mais avec le temps, la coutume de dire cette berakha <\/em>apr\u00e8s la consommation de tout aliment ou boisson fut adopt\u00e9e comme obligation (cf. Berakhot<\/em> 44b).<\/p>\n

Puisque la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction initiale est relative \u00e0 la jouissance m\u00eame que l\u2019on tire de la nourriture, les Sages ont institu\u00e9 une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction particuli\u00e8re pour chaque cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019aliment, afin que nous remerciions Dieu pour tout aliment de mani\u00e8re sp\u00e9cifique. La b\u00e9n\u00e9diction qui suit la consommation, en revanche, porte sur l\u2019utilit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale que l\u2019alimentation prodigue \u00e0 l\u2019homme\u00a0; aussi les Sages ont-ils pr\u00e9vu une m\u00eame b\u00e9n\u00e9diction pour diff\u00e9rentes cat\u00e9gories d\u2019aliments. Par exemple, si l\u2019on a mang\u00e9 du riz, un fruit, un l\u00e9gume et de la viande, et bu un jus de fruits, on r\u00e9citera quatre b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions initiales \u2013 M\u00e9zonot<\/em> sur le riz, Ha\u2018ets <\/em>sur le fruit, Ha-adama<\/em> sur le l\u00e9gume et Ch\u00e9hakol <\/em>sur la viande et le jus de fruits. Mais apr\u00e8s avoir consomm\u00e9 tout cela, on r\u00e9citera Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em> sur l\u2019ensemble\u00a0; car cette b\u00e9n\u00e9diction couvre toutes les cat\u00e9gories d\u2019aliments et de boissons, en dehors des sept esp\u00e8ces par lesquelles il est fait l\u2019\u00e9loge de la terre d\u2019Isra\u00ebl (Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 207, 1).<\/p>\n

Par la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em>, nous remercions et louons l\u2019\u00c9ternel, qui cr\u00e9a de nombreuses personnes, ainsi que tous les aliments indispensables au comblement de leurs manques, afin qu\u2019elles pussent subsister, et qui, de plus, cr\u00e9a des aliments suppl\u00e9mentaires pour qu\u2019elles pussent s\u2019en d\u00e9lecter, et pour faire vivre, par eux, l\u2019\u00e2me de tout \u00eatre vivant. En effet, le plaisir que l\u2019on tire des aliments suppl\u00e9mentaires ajoute, lui aussi, \u00e0 la vitalit\u00e9 de l\u2019homme, enrichit sa conscience et ses sentiments.<\/p>\n

La b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em> diff\u00e8re, en effet, de Ch\u00e9hakol\u00a0<\/em>: Ch\u00e9hakol<\/em> est une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale qui, a posteriori, couvre tous les aliments\u00a0; aussi, celui qui ignore quelle b\u00e9n\u00e9diction r\u00e9citer sur tel aliment \u2013 M\u00e9zonot<\/em> ou Ch\u00e9hakol<\/em>, par exemple \u2013 pourra dire Ch\u00e9hakol<\/em>. Par contre, pour la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction finale, une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction ne couvre pas une autre, et si l\u2019on doit r\u00e9citer M\u00e9\u2018ein chaloch<\/em>, on ne pourra r\u00e9citer Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em> \u00e0 la place\u00a0; l\u2019inverse est aussi vrai (Michna Beroura<\/em> 202, 55)[5]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
[5]<\/a>. Certes, selon le Knesset Haguedola<\/em>, le Maharits, le Guinat Vradim<\/em>, le Kaf Ha\u2018ha\u00efm<\/em> 202, 79, l\u2019Erets Tsvi<\/em> I, 29 et l\u2019Igrot Moch\u00e9, Ora\u2018h \u2018Ha\u00efm <\/em>I, 74, Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em> exempte a posteriori de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction M\u00e9\u2018ein chaloch<\/em>, de m\u00eame que Ch\u00e9hakol<\/em> couvre toute nourriture. Aussi, en cas de doute, on peut r\u00e9citer Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em>. De m\u00eame, si l\u2019on ne se rappelle pas le texte de M\u00e9\u2018ein chaloch<\/em>, on pourra dire Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em>.<\/div>\n
\n

Mais selon la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisionnaires, Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em> n\u2019exempte pas de M\u00e9\u2018ein chaloch<\/em>, ainsi qu\u2019il ressort du Teroumat Had\u00e9chen<\/em> 30, du Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 202, 11, et comme l\u2019\u00e9crivent le Maguen Avraham<\/em> 208, 26, le Michna Beroura<\/em> 202, 55 et le \u2018Aroukh Hachoul\u2018han<\/em> 39. Par cons\u00e9quent, en cas de doute, ou quand on ne sait pas r\u00e9citer M\u00e9\u2018ein chaloch<\/em>, on ne r\u00e9citera aucune b\u00e9n\u00e9diction. Toutefois, si l\u2019on a d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9cit\u00e9 Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em>, on ne dira pas ensuite M\u00e9\u2018ein chaloch<\/em>\u00a0: on tiendra compte des avis selon lesquels on s\u2019est rendu quitte de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction en r\u00e9citant Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em> (Yabia\u2019 Omer<\/em> I, 12, 7). Cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, note 14, o\u00f9 nous disons que, apr\u00e8s avoir mang\u00e9 un demi-kaza\u00eft<\/em> d\u2019une des sept esp\u00e8ces et un demi-kaza\u00eft<\/em> d\u2019une autre cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019aliment, on ne r\u00e9cite pas de b\u00e9n\u00e9diction finale. Si les deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments forment un seul et m\u00eame mets, on dit la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction finale, et l\u2019on va le plus souvent d\u2019apr\u00e8s la partie majoritaire.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Si l\u2019on mange un kaza\u00eft d\u2019aliments qui ne font pas partie des sept esp\u00e8ces, ou si l\u2019on boit un revi\u2018it d\u2019une boisson autre que le vin, on r\u00e9cite ensuite la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot. Jadis, cette b\u00e9n\u00e9diction \u00e9tait facultative\u00a0; Rav, le grand Amora, ne la r\u00e9citait qu\u2019apr\u00e8s avoir consomm\u00e9 des nourritures importantes, comme de la viande […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5769","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chapitre-10-benediction-finale"],"yoast_head":"\n04. 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