{"id":5784,"date":"2026-01-10T09:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-01-10T07:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5784"},"modified":"2026-04-14T14:46:51","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T11:46:51","slug":"10-10-09","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-10-09\/","title":{"rendered":"09. Quantit\u00e9 requise pour la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction finale d\u2019un g\u00e2teau, d\u2019une pachtida<\/em>, d\u2019une boulette"},"content":{"rendered":"

Si l\u2019on mange du g\u00e2teau dans la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019un kaza\u00eft<\/em> \u2013 c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le volume de la moiti\u00e9 d\u2019un \u0153uf \u2013, on r\u00e9cite la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction finale \u2018Al hami\u2018hia<\/em>. Certes, parmi les ingr\u00e9dients du g\u00e2teau, il y a des \u0153ufs, du sucre et de l\u2019huile, de sorte que, si l\u2019on s\u2019en tient \u00e0 la seule farine que l\u2019on a consomm\u00e9e, il n\u2019y a pas de kaza\u00eft\u00a0<\/em>; mais les autres ingr\u00e9dients, eux, sont accessoires<\/em> \u00e0 la farine, et destin\u00e9s \u00e0 lui donner du go\u00fbt, de sorte qu\u2019ils s\u2019adjoignent \u00e0 elle pour former ensemble la mesure de kaza\u00eft<\/em>. Cela, \u00e0 condition que la farine constitue au moins le huiti\u00e8me de l\u2019ensemble des ingr\u00e9dients (Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 208, 9\u00a0; Michna Beroura<\/em> 43, et 48). En pratique, dans presque tous nos g\u00e2teaux, y compris ceux \u00e0 p\u00e2te fluide[c]<\/a><\/sup>, il y a au moins un huiti\u00e8me de farine.<\/p>\n

Si la quantit\u00e9 de farine pr\u00e9sente dans la p\u00e2te est inf\u00e9rieure au huiti\u00e8me de l\u2019ensemble des ingr\u00e9dients, on ne dit pas la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction \u2018Al hami\u2018hia <\/em>apr\u00e8s avoir mang\u00e9 un kaza\u00eft<\/em> de ce g\u00e2teau, mais on dit en revanche Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em>. En effet, puisque la farine pr\u00e9sente dans le g\u00e2teau est en si faible quantit\u00e9, elle \u00ab\u00a0n\u2019annexe\u00a0\u00bb pas les autres ingr\u00e9dients\u00a0: c\u2019est elle qui est \u00ab\u00a0annex\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 ces derniers. Pourtant, avant de manger de ce g\u00e2teau, c\u2019est la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction M\u00e9zonot<\/em> que l\u2019on dira, car, en mati\u00e8re de berakha<\/em> initiale, on ne requiert pas de proportion particuli\u00e8re\u00a0: d\u00e8s lors que la farine, elle aussi, est destin\u00e9e \u00e0 donner du go\u00fbt, elle est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme principale, et c\u2019est d\u2019apr\u00e8s elle que la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction est d\u00e9termin\u00e9e (Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 208, 2-3\u00a0; cf. ci-apr\u00e8s 11 \u00a7 4).<\/p>\n

S\u2019agissant d\u2019une pachtida<\/em>[d]<\/a><\/sup> ou d\u2019une boulette, les ingr\u00e9dients n\u2019ont pas pour seul r\u00f4le de donner du go\u00fbt \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble, comme dans le cas du g\u00e2teau\u00a0: ils ont une importance propre. Par cons\u00e9quent, ce n\u2019est que si la farine repr\u00e9sente la majorit\u00e9<\/em> du m\u00e9lange que l\u2019on dira \u2018Al hami\u2018hia<\/em> pour la consommation d\u2019un kaza\u00eft<\/em> de pachtida<\/em>. En revanche, si la farine est minoritaire<\/em> dans le m\u00e9lange, les autres ingr\u00e9dients ne s\u2019associent pas \u00e0 elle, du point de vue de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction finale. On ne r\u00e9citera donc \u2018Al hami\u2018hia<\/em> que si l\u2019on a mang\u00e9, au sein de cette pachtida<\/em>, un kaza\u00eft <\/em>(volume de la moiti\u00e9 d\u2019un \u0153uf) de farine m\u00eame, dans le d\u00e9lai dit d\u2019akhilat pras <\/em>(sept minutes). Ce sera le cas, par exemple, si l\u2019on a mang\u00e9, en sept minutes, trois kaza\u00eft <\/em>d\u2019une pachtida<\/em> dont la farine constitue le tiers du m\u00e9lange. Mais si l\u2019on n\u2019a pas mang\u00e9 une telle quantit\u00e9, on dira Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em>, tant que l\u2019on a mang\u00e9 un kaza\u00eft<\/em> de pachtida<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Quand une p\u00e2tisserie ou une pachtida<\/em> est fourr\u00e9e d\u2019ingr\u00e9dients qui ne sont pas m\u00e9lang\u00e9s \u00e0 la farine (par exemple les fruits d\u2019un strudel<\/em>, les courgettes d\u2019une pachtida<\/em>), la farce ne s\u2019adjoint pas \u00e0 la farine, puisqu\u2019elle a une existence propre. Ce n\u2019est que si l\u2019on a mang\u00e9 un kaza\u00eft <\/em>de p\u00e2te \u2013 dans tous ses composants \u2013 que l\u2019on dira \u2018Al hami\u2018hia<\/em>. Si la p\u00e2te m\u00eame n\u2019atteint pas la mesure d\u2019un kaza\u00eft<\/em>, mais qu\u2019avec la farce elle atteigne cette mesure, on dira Bor\u00e9 n\u00e9fachot<\/em>. Et si la p\u00e2te que l\u2019on a mang\u00e9e atteint la mesure de kaza\u00eft<\/em>, on dira \u2018Al hami\u2018hia<\/em> (cf. ci-apr\u00e8s, note 14)[10]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
[c]<\/a>. Du type pancake ou far breton\u00a0: la p\u00e2te est liquide avant cuisson. <\/p>\n

[d]<\/a>. Sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9 isra\u00e9lienne, sorte d\u2019omelette \u00e9paisse m\u00eal\u00e9e de l\u00e9gumes et de farine.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[10]<\/a>. En cette mati\u00e8re, on trouve trois opinions\u00a0: a)<\/strong> la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction finale suit la m\u00eame r\u00e8gle que la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction initiale\u00a0; d\u00e8s lors que le g\u00e2teau comporte l\u2019une des cinq c\u00e9r\u00e9ales, les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions sont M\u00e9zonot <\/em>et \u2018Al hami\u2018hia<\/em>, m\u00eame s\u2019il ne s\u2019y trouve pas un kaza\u00eft <\/em>de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales consommable dans le d\u00e9lai d\u2019akhilat pras<\/em> (c\u2019est ce qui ressort des propos du Rif, de Ma\u00efmonide, de Tossephot<\/em> et du Roch\u00a0; cf. B\u00e9our Halakha<\/em> 208, 9, \u05d3\u00a0\u00bb\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. b)<\/strong> S\u2019il y a, dans le m\u00e9lange, un kaza\u00eft<\/em> de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales consommable dans le temps d\u2019akhilat pras<\/em>, et quoique l\u2019on ait seulement mang\u00e9 un kaza\u00eft <\/em>de l\u2019ensemble \u2013 non un kaza\u00eft <\/em>de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales \u2013, on dira \u2018Al hami\u2018hia<\/em> (Rabbi Aaron Hal\u00e9vi\u00a0; Ritva).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. c)<\/strong> Ce n\u2019est que si l\u2019on mange effectivement un kaza\u00eft <\/em>de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales que l\u2019on dira \u2018Al hami\u2018hia<\/em>. Si donc le kaza\u00eft<\/em> de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales est m\u00e9lang\u00e9 \u00e0 une quantit\u00e9 d\u2019ingr\u00e9dients telle que l\u2019on ne pourrait le consommer dans le temps d\u2019akhilat pras<\/em>, et bien qu\u2019on le mange de mani\u00e8re continue, il appara\u00eet que l\u2019on n\u2019aura finalement pas mang\u00e9 un kaza\u00eft<\/em> de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales dans le temps d\u2019akhilat pras<\/em>. On ne r\u00e9citera donc pas \u2018Al hami\u2019hia <\/em>(le Gaon de Vilna explique ainsi la position des disciples de Rabb\u00e9nou Yona et du Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em>; d\u2019autres A\u2018haronim s\u2019expriment en ce sens).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

      En pratique, la coutume, en mati\u00e8re de g\u00e2teaux, suit la deuxi\u00e8me opinion (comme l\u2019indiquent le Maguen Avraham<\/em>, le Peri M\u00e9gadim<\/em>, le \u2018Hay\u00e9 Adam<\/em>, le Michna Beroura<\/em> 208, 48\u00a0; c\u2019est aussi en ce sens que se prononcent le Ben\u00e9 Tsion<\/em> III, Ora\u2018h \u2018Ha\u00efm<\/em> 208, 9, l\u2019Or l\u00e9-Tsion<\/em> II, 14, 23, le \u2018Hazon \u2018Ovadia<\/em>, Berakhot<\/em>, p. 190).<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Ce que l\u2019on entend par kaza\u00eft bikhdi<\/em> akhilat pras<\/em> (kaza\u00eft <\/em>de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales consommable dans le d\u00e9lai d\u2019akhilat pras<\/em>) consiste, selon Ma\u00efmonide, dans une proportion inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 un neuvi\u00e8me. Selon Rachi et Tossephot<\/em>, il s\u2019agit d\u2019un huiti\u00e8me, et tel est l\u2019avis que reprennent l\u2019auteur du Michna Beroura<\/em> (208, 43) et du Cha\u2018ar Hatsioun <\/em>(208, 45) et celui du Ziv\u2018h\u00e9 Ts\u00e9deq<\/em>. Ce que nous venons de dire vaut pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment pour les g\u00e2teaux, o\u00f9 les autres ingr\u00e9dients ont pour fonction de donner du go\u00fbt \u00e0 la farine, et lui sont accessoires. Mais s\u2019agissant des aliments m\u00e9zonot<\/em> cuits \u00e0 l\u2019eau, ou de la pachtida<\/em>, ce n\u2019est que si l\u2019on a effectivement mang\u00e9 un kaza\u00eft<\/em> de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales dans le d\u00e9lai d\u2019akhilat pras <\/em>que l\u2019on dira \u2018Al hami\u2018hia<\/em>, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la troisi\u00e8me opinion.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Si l\u2019on mange du g\u00e2teau dans la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019un kaza\u00eft \u2013 c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le volume de la moiti\u00e9 d\u2019un \u0153uf \u2013, on r\u00e9cite la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction finale \u2018Al hami\u2018hia. Certes, parmi les ingr\u00e9dients du g\u00e2teau, il y a des \u0153ufs, du sucre et de l\u2019huile, de sorte que, si l\u2019on s\u2019en tient \u00e0 la seule farine que […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chapitre-10-benediction-finale"],"yoast_head":"\n09. Quantit\u00e9 requise pour la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction finale d\u2019un g\u00e2teau, d\u2019une pachtida, d\u2019une boulette - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-10-09\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"09. Quantit\u00e9 requise pour la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction finale d\u2019un g\u00e2teau, d\u2019une pachtida, d\u2019une boulette - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Si l\u2019on mange du g\u00e2teau dans la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019un kaza\u00eft \u2013 c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le volume de la moiti\u00e9 d\u2019un \u0153uf \u2013, on r\u00e9cite la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction finale \u2018Al hami\u2018hia. 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