{"id":5872,"date":"2026-01-13T02:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-01-13T00:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5872"},"modified":"2026-05-06T13:08:55","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T10:08:55","slug":"10-13-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-13-02\/","title":{"rendered":"02. L\u2019invit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019usage est bien \u00e9tabli parmi le peuple juif\u00a0: quand quelqu\u2019un se trouve chez nous \u00e0 l\u2019heure du repas, on l\u2019invite \u00e0 se joindre \u00e0 nous, m\u00eame si cette personne n\u2019est pas pauvre. En revanche, c\u2019est un bon usage, de la part du visiteur, que de refuser d\u2019abord quelque peu cette invitation. Ce n\u2019est que s\u2019il constate que, v\u00e9ritablement, les h\u00f4tes souhaitent l\u2019inviter \u2013 par exemple, s\u2019ils r\u00e9p\u00e8tent leur demande, ou qu\u2019ils lui pr\u00e9sentent une assiette \u2013 que le visiteur se joindra \u00e0 leur repas (cf. Pnin\u00e9 Halakha, Liqoutim<\/em>[d]<\/a><\/sup> II, chap. 3, 4-5\u00a0; chap. 7, 9-10).<\/p>\n

Il est interdit de profiter d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0repas qui ne suffit pas au ma\u00eetre de c\u00e9ans\u00a0\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire d\u2019un repas auquel l\u2019h\u00f4te ne souhaite pas que l\u2019on se joigne\u00a0: ce serait constitutif de la faute d\u2019avqat gu\u00e9zel <\/em>(litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab\u00a0poussi\u00e8re de vol[e]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u00bb). M\u00eame si l\u2019on a \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9 \u00e0 participer \u00e0 ce repas, celui-ci est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme \u00ab\u00a0ne suffisant pas au ma\u00eetre de c\u00e9ans\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e8s lors que l\u2019on sait qu\u2019en v\u00e9rit\u00e9 l\u2019h\u00f4te ne souhaite pas notre participation \u2013 du fait qu\u2019il a peine \u00e0 voir d\u00e9penser son argent (Ma\u00efmonide, Techouva <\/em>4, 4).<\/p>\n

Les Sages enseignent encore qu\u2019il nous est interdit de profiter du repas d\u2019un avare. M\u00eame si celui-ci a un int\u00e9r\u00eat personnel \u00e0 nous inviter chez lui, il demeure interdit de participer \u00e0 son repas, car \u00ab\u00a0quiconque jouit des biens des avares enfreint un interdit\u00a0\u00bb (Sota<\/em> 38b).<\/p>\n

Quand on invite son prochain \u00e0 sa table, il faut lui offrir un visage souriant, afin qu\u2019il mange avec app\u00e9tit et ne craigne pas que nous nous affligions de le voir \u00ab\u00a0liquider notre nourriture\u00a0\u00bb. On devra en particulier montrer un visage souriant aux pauvres qui sont \u00e0 notre table.<\/p>\n

Il convient \u00e0 l\u2019invit\u00e9 d\u2019honorer son h\u00f4te et d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9coute de ses souhaits\u00a0; comme le disent les Sages\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Tout ce que te dira le ma\u00eetre de c\u00e9ans, fais-le.\u00a0\u00bb (Pessa\u2018him<\/em> 86b)<\/p>\n

Par exemple, si l\u2019h\u00f4te demande \u00e0 l\u2019invit\u00e9 d\u2019introduire le Zimoun<\/em>, celui-ci le fera. S\u2019il demande \u00e0 son invit\u00e9 de dire des paroles de Torah, et que celui-ci soit en mesure de le faire, il le fera. S\u2019il lui demande de manger, il mangera. Si l\u2019on est d\u00e9j\u00e0 rassasi\u00e9 du repas de l\u2019h\u00f4te, et que ce dernier insiste pour que l\u2019on mange encore, on n\u2019aura pas l\u2019obligation de continuer \u00e0 manger\u00a0: puisque l\u2019on a d\u00e9j\u00e0 mang\u00e9 de son repas, et que l\u2019on en est rassasi\u00e9, l\u2019h\u00f4te n\u2019a pas \u00e0 se vexer de ce que l\u2019on ne mange pas davantage (Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 170, 5\u00a0; Michna Beroura<\/em> ad loc.).<\/p>\n

Si l\u2019on est particuli\u00e8rement rigoureux envers soi-m\u00eame en mati\u00e8re de cacheroute, on mangera n\u00e9anmoins, quand on sera invit\u00e9, le repas cach\u00e8re que le ma\u00eetre de maison nous servira. Mais si l\u2019on a coutume d\u2019\u00eatre rigoureux en un domaine o\u00f9, selon les principes de la halakha eux-m\u00eames, il y a lieu d\u2019\u00eatre rigoureux \u2013 par exemple en mati\u00e8re de viande \u2018halaq <\/em>(glatt<\/em>[f]<\/a><\/sup>) \u2013, on n\u2019aura pas lieu d\u2019\u00eatre indulgent pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande du ma\u00eetre de c\u00e9ans. Il s\u2019est cependant trouv\u00e9 des rabbins, parmi les grands ma\u00eetres d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, qui, lorsqu\u2019ils \u00e9taient invit\u00e9s, avaient l\u2019usage d\u2019adopter les avis indulgents, et mangeaient m\u00eame de la viande cach\u00e8re non \u2018halaq<\/em> (cf. Michna Beroura<\/em> 170, 16\u00a0; Pisq\u00e9 Techouvot <\/em>8).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

[d]<\/a>. Les volumes de Liqoutim<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0recueils\u00a0\u00bb) ne sont pas traduits en fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n

[e]<\/a>. Bien qu\u2019il ne s\u2019agisse pas de vol \u00e0 proprement parler, il y a l\u00e0 une certaine parent\u00e9 avec le fait de soustraire \u00e0 autrui ce qui est \u00e0 lui, et \u00e0 quoi il tient, d\u2019o\u00f9 l\u2019expression \u00ab\u00a0poussi\u00e8re de vol\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

[f]<\/a>. Litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab\u00a0lisse\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0: pour la viande bovine, de nombreux d\u00e9cisionnaires exigent que les poumons de la b\u00eate abattue ne pr\u00e9sentent pas d\u2019adh\u00e9rences.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019usage est bien \u00e9tabli parmi le peuple juif\u00a0: quand quelqu\u2019un se trouve chez nous \u00e0 l\u2019heure du repas, on l\u2019invite \u00e0 se joindre \u00e0 nous, m\u00eame si cette personne n\u2019est pas pauvre. En revanche, c\u2019est un bon usage, de la part du visiteur, que de refuser d\u2019abord quelque peu cette invitation. Ce n\u2019est que s\u2019il […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[247,248],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chapitre-13-derekh-erets","category-les-bons-usages"],"yoast_head":"\n02. 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