{"id":5879,"date":"2026-01-13T04:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-01-13T02:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=5879"},"modified":"2026-05-06T13:17:05","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T10:17:05","slug":"10-13-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/10-13-04\/","title":{"rendered":"04. Les restes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Il faut s\u2019efforcer de ne pas d\u00e9truire les restes d\u2019aliments. Tant que cela est possible, on les servira au cours des prochains repas, ou bien on les accommodera en quelque autre plat, comme une pachtida<\/em>[h]<\/a><\/sup>. De m\u00eame, si l\u2019on organise un grand repas, il est bon de programmer d\u00e8s l\u2019abord ce que l\u2019on fera des restes, que ce soit en les congelant afin de les consommer plus tard, ou en les distribuant \u00e0 des amis ou \u00e0 des n\u00e9cessiteux. Quand il n\u2019y a pas de possibilit\u00e9 de ce genre, parce que les restes en question ne sont pas tellement propres \u00e0 \u00eatre consomm\u00e9s, et que la peine que requerrait leur conservation serait plus grande que leur valeur, c\u2019est une pieuse coutume que d\u2019en nourrir des animaux. Si l\u2019on poss\u00e8de un grand jardin, on pourra aussi y mettre les restes pour qu\u2019ils retournent \u00e0 leur poussi\u00e8re et enrichissent la terre (cf. Pnin\u00e9 Halakha \u2013 Lois de la cacheroute<\/em> 13, 10).<\/p>\n

Quand il est difficile d\u2019utiliser les restes de nourriture, on peut les jeter \u00e0 la poubelle\u00a0; mais quant au pain, il convient de l\u2019envelopper, afin qu\u2019il ne soit pas d\u00e9consid\u00e9r\u00e9. Certains, croyant \u00eatre rigoureux \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard d\u2019eux-m\u00eames, s\u2019abstiennent de jeter les restes de pain \u00e0 la poubelle, et les d\u00e9posent pr\u00e8s des poubelles publiques et sur les cl\u00f4tures des maisons. Mais c\u2019est une erreur, car ceux-l\u00e0 d\u00e9consid\u00e8rent le pain en public, d\u00e9rangent les voisins et enlaidissent le domaine public. Par cons\u00e9quent, quand on a affaire \u00e0 de grandes quantit\u00e9s, que les oiseaux et les b\u00eates ne peuvent manger en peu de temps, il convient d\u2019envelopper les restes de pain et les jeter \u00e0 la poubelle.<\/p>\n

Si, apr\u00e8s son repas, il reste des miettes, plus petites qu\u2019un kaza\u00eft<\/em>, il n\u2019est pas interdit \u2013 \u00e0 s\u2019en tenir \u00e0 la stricte obligation \u2013 de les d\u00e9truire, et d\u2019en user avec elles sans souci de les honorer. Mais nos Sages enseignent qu\u2019il ne convient pas d\u2019agir ainsi, car, en d\u00e9truisant et en d\u00e9consid\u00e9rant des miettes de pain, on attire \u00e0 soi la pauvret\u00e9 (Choul\u2018han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 180, 4). Il y a \u00e0 cela deux raisons\u00a0: la premi\u00e8re est que celui qui jette \u00e0 terre des miettes para\u00eet fouler aux pieds les bienfaits que le Saint b\u00e9ni soit-Il dispense dans le monde\u00a0; par cela, il s\u2019expose \u00e0 ce que, au ciel, on cesse de lui accorder d\u2019autres bienfaits. La deuxi\u00e8me raison est que le fait de ne pas d\u00e9consid\u00e9rer les miettes est une s\u00e9goula<\/em>[i]<\/a><\/sup>, car l\u2019ange pr\u00e9pos\u00e9 \u00e0 la nourriture et \u00e0 la subsistance a pour nom Naqid, nom b\u00e2ti sur la notion de propret\u00e9 (n\u00e9qiout<\/em>), tandis que l\u2019ange pr\u00e9pos\u00e9 \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9 a pour nom Naval, nom faisant allusion \u00e0 la salet\u00e9. Aussi, en un lieu o\u00f9 se trouvent des miettes alimentaires sur le sol, repose l\u2019ange de la pauvret\u00e9, tandis qu\u2019en un lieu propre, r\u00e9side l\u2019ange de la richesse (Pessa\u2018him <\/em>111b\u00a0; \u2018Houlin<\/em> 108b).<\/p>\n

Aussi aura-t-on soin de ne pas laisser, dispers\u00e9es par terre, des miettes identifiables comme provenant du pain, et bien s\u00fbr de ne pas jeter de telles miettes de la table vers le sol, car alors ce serait les exposer \u00e0 la d\u00e9consid\u00e9ration quand on marchera sur elles. Il faut donc les rassembler du sol o\u00f9 elles ont chu, et les jeter dans sa cour ou \u00e0 l\u2019eau, ou encore les jeter \u00e0 la poubelle d\u2019une mani\u00e8re honorable (Michna Beroura<\/em> 102, 10\u00a0; cf. Pnin\u00e9 Halakha \u2013 Lois de la cacheroute<\/em> 13, 12).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
[h]<\/a>. Omelette \u00e9paisse ou sorte de tarte aux l\u00e9gumes.<\/div>\n
\n

[i]<\/a>. Une attitude ou un acte appropri\u00e9 pour attirer \u00e0 soi une b\u00e9n\u00e9diction particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Il faut s\u2019efforcer de ne pas d\u00e9truire les restes d\u2019aliments. Tant que cela est possible, on les servira au cours des prochains repas, ou bien on les accommodera en quelque autre plat, comme une pachtida[h]. De m\u00eame, si l\u2019on organise un grand repas, il est bon de programmer d\u00e8s l\u2019abord ce que l\u2019on fera des […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[247,248],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chapitre-13-derekh-erets","category-les-bons-usages"],"yoast_head":"\n04. 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