{"id":648,"date":"2016-02-11T00:04:11","date_gmt":"2016-02-10T22:04:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=648"},"modified":"2017-01-12T13:01:28","modified_gmt":"2017-01-12T11:01:28","slug":"02-11-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-11-04\/","title":{"rendered":"04 \u2013 Horaires de la \u2018Amida"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Les membres de la Grande Assembl\u00e9e (<em>anch\u00e9 Knesset Haguedola<\/em>) ont institu\u00e9 trois pri\u00e8res quotidiennes, et ont fix\u00e9 leurs horaires en fonction de ceux des offrandes journali\u00e8res \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque du Temple. L\u2019offrande du matin \u00e9tait apport\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de l\u2019aube\u00a0; par cons\u00e9quent, l\u2019heure de la \u2018Amida du matin devrait, elle aussi, \u00eatre fix\u00e9e a priori \u00e0 partir de l\u2019aube. Mais\u00a0 nos sages ont d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9 qu\u2019il convenait de prier une fois le soleil lev\u00e9, comme il est dit (Psaume 72, 5)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ils te craindront <em>avec le soleil\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb<sup><a href='#_te01ftn11_a' id='_te01ftnref11_a' class='aup1'>[a]<\/a><\/sup> (<em>Berakhot <\/em>9b). Cependant, si l\u2019on a pri\u00e9 d\u00e8s l\u2019aube, on est quitte, car la pri\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 dite \u00e0 un moment qui convenait \u00e0 l\u2019offrande journali\u00e8re du matin (<em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 89, 1).<\/p>\n<p>Le temps le plus indiqu\u00e9 pour dire la \u2018Amida est celui des anciens (<em>Vatiqin<\/em>), qui r\u00e9citaient la \u2018Amida au lever du soleil (<em>hanets ha\u2019hama<\/em>) <sup><a href='#_te01ftn11_4' id='_te01ftnref11_4' class='aup1'>[4]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Le temps prescrit pour r\u00e9citer la \u2018Amida se prolonge jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la quatri\u00e8me heure\u00a0; en effet, le temps de l\u2019offrande journali\u00e8re du matin, selon Rabbi Yehouda, se prolongeait jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la quatri\u00e8me heure. Et bien que, selon les sages, le temps de l\u2019offrande journali\u00e8re se prolonge jusqu\u2019au midi solaire, la halakha est ici conforme \u00e0 l\u2019opinion de Rabbi Yehouda. En effet, dans le trait\u00e9 talmudique <em>Edouyot<\/em>, o\u00f9 chaque michna est \u00e9lev\u00e9e au rang de halakha, c\u2019est l\u2019opinion de Rabbi Yehouda qui est rapport\u00e9e\u00a0; la pri\u00e8re de Cha\u2019harit est donc fix\u00e9e jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la quatri\u00e8me heure (<em>Berakhot <\/em>27a). Malgr\u00e9 cela, l\u2019avis des Sages n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 repouss\u00e9 enti\u00e8rement\u00a0: si les quatre premi\u00e8res heures du jour sont pass\u00e9es sans que l\u2019on ait dit la \u2018Amida de Cha\u2019harit, on peut a posteriori la r\u00e9citer jusqu\u2019\u00e0 midi. Dans un tel cas, bien que l\u2019on n\u2019ait pas le m\u00e9rite d\u2019avoir dit la pri\u00e8re <em>en son temps<\/em>, on a le m\u00e9rite d\u2019avoir dit la pri\u00e8re en tant que telle (comme il sera expliqu\u00e9 ci-apr\u00e8s, \u00a7 11).<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/>\n<div>\n<a href='#_te01ftnref11_a' id='_te01ftn11_a'>[a]<\/a>. D\u2019apr\u00e8s le sens premier du verset, le psalmiste s\u2019adresse \u00e0 Dieu en disant\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le peuple Te craindra aussi longtemps qu\u2019existera le soleil\u00a0\u00bb. Dans la lecture midrachique\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le peuple T\u2019exprimera sa r\u00e9v\u00e9rence par la pri\u00e8re <em>au moment o\u00f9 brillera le soleil\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<sup><a href='#_te01ftn11_4' id='_te01ftnref11_4' class='aup1'>[4]<\/a><\/sup> <em>Beit Yossef<\/em> 89, 1, <em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh Harav<\/em> 89, 2, <em>B\u00e9rour Halakha<\/em> 26, 1 note 8. <strong>En r\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/strong>, on trouve trois m\u00e9thodes principales\u00a0: a) Pour Ma\u00efmonide et Rabb\u00e9nou \u2018Hananel, la \u2018Amida est essentiellement fix\u00e9e du lever du soleil \u00e0 la fin de la quatri\u00e8me heure, et ce n\u2019est qu\u2019a posteriori que l\u2019on peut prier depuis l\u2019aube\u00a0; c\u2019est dans ce sens que tranchent le <em>Choul\u2019han \u2018Aroukh<\/em> 89, 1 et le <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 4. b) Pour le Roch, ce que la Gu\u00e9mara nous enseigne est que le temps de <em>Vatiqin<\/em> est le plus choisi, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ils te craindront avec <em>le soleil\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb. En revanche, le temps qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de le lever du soleil et le temps qui le suit, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 quatre heures, ont un statut \u00e9gal, car tout le temps qui convenait \u00e0 l\u2019offrande journali\u00e8re convient aussi \u00e0 la pri\u00e8re de Cha\u2019harit. (Selon le <em>Peri M\u00e9gadim<\/em>, le Roch pense que l\u2019on ne prie \u00e0 l\u2019aube \u2013 prise comme apparition de la premi\u00e8re lueur \u00e0 l\u2019est \u2013 qu\u2019en cas d\u2019urgence, tandis que l\u2019on peut prier, m\u00eame a priori, d\u00e8s que la lumi\u00e8re s\u2019est \u00e9tendue sur la face de l\u2019est. En effet, dans le cas de l\u2019offrande journali\u00e8re, l\u2019horaire toranique initial \u00e9tait fix\u00e9 d\u00e8s l\u2019aube, mais les sages d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e8rent qu\u2019il fallait attendre que la lumi\u00e8re s\u2019\u00e9tend\u00eet \u00e0 l\u2019est, afin que l\u2019on n\u2019en v\u00eent pas \u00e0 se tromper\u00a0; c\u2019est aussi l\u2019opinion du <em>Peri \u2018Hadach<\/em> en pratique. Le <em>Michna Beroura<\/em> et le <em>B\u00e9our Halakha<\/em> 89, 1 expliquent que la d\u00e9finition de l\u2019aube est sujette \u00e0 controverse \u2013 premi\u00e8re lueur ou l\u2019illumination de l\u2019est\u00a0? \u2013 et qu\u2019il y a lieu d\u2019\u00eatre rigoureux et d\u2019attendre, des deux moments, le plus tardif). c) Pour Rabb\u00e9nou Yerou\u2019ham, de l\u2019aube au moment de <em>mich\u00e9yakir<\/em> [o\u00f9 l\u2019on peut distinguer le bleu du blanc], la pri\u00e8re est valable a posteriori, mais de <em>mich\u00e9yakir<\/em> au lever du soleil, on peut prier a priori, de m\u00eame qu\u2019apr\u00e8s le lever du soleil. (Certains croient comprendre, d\u2019apr\u00e8s les termes de Rachi et du Raavan, qu\u2019en cas de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 imp\u00e9rieuse on peut dire la \u2018Amida de Cha\u2019harit m\u00eame avant l\u2019aube, mais cette interpr\u00e9tation n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 retenue, m\u00eame en cas de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 imp\u00e9rieuse).<\/li>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les membres de la Grande Assembl\u00e9e (anch\u00e9 Knesset Haguedola) ont institu\u00e9 trois pri\u00e8res quotidiennes, et ont fix\u00e9 leurs horaires en fonction de ceux des offrandes journali\u00e8res \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque du Temple. L\u2019offrande du matin \u00e9tait apport\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de l\u2019aube\u00a0; par cons\u00e9quent, l\u2019heure de la \u2018Amida du matin devrait, elle aussi, \u00eatre fix\u00e9e a priori \u00e0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-02-11"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>04 \u2013 Horaires de la \u2018Amida - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-11-04\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"04 \u2013 Horaires de la \u2018Amida - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les membres de la Grande Assembl\u00e9e (anch\u00e9 Knesset Haguedola) ont institu\u00e9 trois pri\u00e8res quotidiennes, et ont fix\u00e9 leurs horaires en fonction de ceux des offrandes journali\u00e8res \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque du Temple. L\u2019offrande du matin \u00e9tait apport\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de l\u2019aube\u00a0; par cons\u00e9quent, l\u2019heure de la \u2018Amida du matin devrait, elle aussi, \u00eatre fix\u00e9e a priori \u00e0 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-11-04\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-02-10T22:04:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-01-12T11:01:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/02-11-04\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/02-11-04\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"orah765768\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b\"},\"headline\":\"04 \u2013 Horaires de la \u2018Amida\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-02-10T22:04:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-01-12T11:01:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/02-11-04\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":830,\"articleSection\":[\"Chapitre 11 \u2013 Horaires de la lecture du Ch\u00e9ma et de la pri\u00e8re du matin\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/02-11-04\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/02-11-04\\\/\",\"name\":\"04 \u2013 Horaires de la \u2018Amida - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2016-02-10T22:04:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-01-12T11:01:28+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/02-11-04\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/02-11-04\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/02-11-04\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u05d3\u05e3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"04 \u2013 Horaires de la \u2018Amida\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\",\"description\":\"Rav Eli\u00e9zer Melamed\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b\",\"name\":\"orah765768\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0fdb49d8a411a6adc7129873884ffe72812892b9141dc21fe63bbadcaf2d84f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0fdb49d8a411a6adc7129873884ffe72812892b9141dc21fe63bbadcaf2d84f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0fdb49d8a411a6adc7129873884ffe72812892b9141dc21fe63bbadcaf2d84f6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"orah765768\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/orah765768\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"04 \u2013 Horaires de la \u2018Amida - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/02-11-04\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"04 \u2013 Horaires de la \u2018Amida - Pnin\u00e9 Halakha","og_description":"Les membres de la Grande Assembl\u00e9e (anch\u00e9 Knesset Haguedola) ont institu\u00e9 trois pri\u00e8res quotidiennes, et ont fix\u00e9 leurs horaires en fonction de ceux des offrandes journali\u00e8res \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque du Temple. 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