{"id":681,"date":"2016-04-02T01:00:13","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T22:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=681"},"modified":"2018-03-20T09:49:41","modified_gmt":"2018-03-20T07:49:41","slug":"04-02-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-02-01\/","title":{"rendered":"01. Les quatre mitsvot relatives \u00e0 cet interdit"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quatre commandements de la Torah traitent de l\u2019interdit du \u2018hamets durant Pessa\u2019h\u00a0: trois commandements de ne pas faire (mitsvot \u00ab\u00a0n\u00e9gatives\u00a0\u00bb ou d\u00e9fenses), et un commandement de faire (mitsva \u00ab\u00a0positive\u00a0\u00bb ou prescription).<\/p>\n

Le premier interdit consiste dans la d\u00e9fense de manger<\/em> du \u2018hamets, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Il ne sera point mang\u00e9 de \u2018hamets\u00a0\u00bb (Ex 13, 3). Nos sages nous enseignent qu\u2019au titre de cet interdit de consommation (issour akhila<\/em>) du \u2018hamets \u00e0 Pessa\u2019h, est \u00e9galement inclus l\u2019interdit de tirer profit<\/em> du \u2018hamets (issour hanaa<\/em>). Il est \u00e9galement \u00e9crit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vous ne mangerez d\u2019aucune p\u00e2te lev\u00e9e (ma\u2019hm\u00e9tset<\/em>)\u00a0; dans toutes vos demeures vous mangerez des azymes\u00a0\u00bb (Ex 12, 20), et les sages apprennent de cette formulation que l\u2019interdit de consommation porte non seulement sur une chose qui a ferment\u00e9 par elle-m\u00eame, mais \u00e9galement sur toute chose qui a ferment\u00e9 par l\u2019effet d\u2019un agent levant ext\u00e9rieur (comme le levain, la levure). Il faut encore signaler que la Torah est d\u2019une s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 particuli\u00e8re quant \u00e0 l\u2019interdit de consommer du \u2018hamets\u00a0: presque tous les interdits alimentaires sont punis de malqout<\/em> (trente-neuf coups)\u00a0; tandis que celui qui mange du \u2018hamets \u00e0 Pessa\u2019h est puni de karet<\/em> (retranchement), comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Quiconque mange du \u2018hamets, depuis le premier jour jusqu\u2019au septi\u00e8me, son \u00e2me sera retranch\u00e9e d\u2019Isra\u00ebl\u00a0\u00bb (Ex 12, 15).<\/p>\n

Deuxi\u00e8me interdit\u00a0: il ne doit pas se trouver<\/em> de \u2018hamets dans le domaine du Juif, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Durant sept jours, il ne se trouvera pas de levure (s\u00e9or<\/em>) en vos maisons\u00a0\u00bb (Ex 12, 19). Le mot s\u00e9or<\/em> d\u00e9signe la levure (ou le levain) avec quoi l\u2019on fait fermenter la p\u00e2te\u00a0; cependant, l\u2019intention du verset n\u2019est pas ici d\u2019interdire uniquement la levure\u00a0: que du simple \u2018hamets puisse se trouver dans notre domaine \u00e0 Pessa\u2019h est chose interdite tout autant.<\/p>\n

Troisi\u00e8me interdit\u00a0: il ne doit pas se voir<\/em> de \u2018hamets dans notre domaine, ainsi qu\u2019il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0On mangera des azymes durant sept jours, et il ne sera point vu chez toi de \u2018hamets, ni ne sera vu chez toi de levain (s\u00e9or<\/em>), en toutes vos\u00a0possessions \u00bb (Ex 13, 7). Ce n\u2019est que dans le cas o\u00f9 se trouve, en son domaine, du \u2018hamets dans la proportion d\u2019un kaza\u00eft<\/em>[a]<\/a><\/sup> que l\u2019on enfreint ces deux derniers interdits\u00a0; s\u2019il ne reste chez soi qu\u2019une mesure de \u2018hamets inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 un kaza\u00eft<\/em>, en revanche, les interdits portant sur la pr\u00e9sence et sur le caract\u00e8re visible du \u2018hamets en son domaine ne sont pas enfreints[b]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Le quatri\u00e8me commandement, qui est cette fois une prescription positive, est l\u2019ordre qui nous est fait de supprimer <\/em>le \u2018hamets et la levure \u00e0 l\u2019approche de Pessa\u2019h, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sept jours durant, vous mangerez des pains azymes\u00a0; or, le premier jour, vous aurez d\u00e9truit le levain de vos maisons\u00a0\u00bb (Ex 12, 15).<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n[a]<\/a>. Cette unit\u00e9 de volume sera d\u00e9finie par la suite.<\/p>\n

[b]<\/a>. Dans la litt\u00e9rature rabbinique, ces deux interdits sont couramment appel\u00e9s, pour l\u2019un, bal y\u00e9ra\u00e9<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0qu\u2019il n\u2019en soit pas vu\u00a0\u00bb), pour l\u2019autre, bal yimats\u00e9<\/em> (\u00ab\u00a0qu\u2019il ne s\u2019en trouve pas\u00a0\u00bb). Nous rencontrerons parfois ces formules au cours de l\u2019ouvrage.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quatre commandements de la Torah traitent de l\u2019interdit du \u2018hamets durant Pessa\u2019h\u00a0: trois commandements de ne pas faire (mitsvot \u00ab\u00a0n\u00e9gatives\u00a0\u00bb ou d\u00e9fenses), et un commandement de faire (mitsva \u00ab\u00a0positive\u00a0\u00bb ou prescription). Le premier interdit consiste dans la d\u00e9fense de manger du \u2018hamets, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Il ne sera point mang\u00e9 de \u2018hamets\u00a0\u00bb (Ex 13, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-681","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-04-02"],"yoast_head":"\n01. 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Le premier interdit consiste dans la d\u00e9fense de manger du \u2018hamets, comme il est dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Il ne sera point mang\u00e9 de \u2018hamets\u00a0\u00bb (Ex 13, […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-02-01\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-04-01T22:00:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-03-20T07:49:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-02-01\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-02-01\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"orah765768\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b\"},\"headline\":\"01. 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