{"id":761,"date":"2016-04-05T02:00:32","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T23:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/?p=761"},"modified":"2018-03-20T10:53:49","modified_gmt":"2018-03-20T08:53:49","slug":"04-05-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-05-02\/","title":{"rendered":"02. Sens de l\u2019annulation du \u2018hamets"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Comme nous l\u2019avons vu, la formule usuelle d\u2019annulation du \u2018hamets est en aram\u00e9en, parce qu\u2019elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9e \u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plupart des gens du peuple comprenaient cette langue. Mais on peut la dire en h\u00e9breu ou en quelque autre langue, \u00e0 condition qu\u2019on en comprenne\u00a0le contenu ; et si l\u2019on a r\u00e9cit\u00e9 cette formule en aram\u00e9en sans en comprendre la signification g\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u2013 c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019annulation du \u2018hamets \u2013, et que l\u2019on ait cru qu\u2019il s\u2019agissait d\u2019une pri\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019approche de Pessa\u2019h, on n\u2019aura pas annul\u00e9 son \u2018hamets (<em>Michna Beroura<\/em> 434, 9).<\/p>\n<p>Deux explications ont \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9es quant au sens de l\u2019annulation\u00a0: selon Rachi et Na\u2019hmanide, l\u2019homme a la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019annuler le \u2018hamets. C\u2019est une r\u00e8gle particuli\u00e8re au \u2018hamets, et qui tient au fait que, selon la Torah elle-m\u00eame, le \u2018hamets \u00e0 Pessa\u2019h n\u2019est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme rien\u00a0: il est en effet interdit d\u2019en tirer profit, et, d\u00e8s lors, on le consid\u00e8re comme la poussi\u00e8re de la terre. Cependant, en une mati\u00e8re le \u2018hamets garde une importance\u00a0: s\u2019il en reste chez soi, on enfreint les interdits de <em>bal y\u00e9ra<\/em>\u00e9 (\u00ab\u00a0il n\u2019en sera pas vu\u00a0\u00bb) et de <em>bal yimats\u00e9 <\/em>(\u00ab\u00a0il ne s\u2019en trouvera pas\u00a0\u00bb). Mais si le propri\u00e9taire de ce \u2018hamets l\u2019annule avant l\u2019heure de l\u2019interdiction, il manifeste par-l\u00e0 qu\u2019il conforme son intention \u00e0 celle de la Torah. D\u00e8s lors, m\u00eame s\u2019il restait du \u2018hamets en son domaine, il n\u2019enfreindrait pas pour autant l\u2019interdit.<\/p>\n<p>Les auteurs de <em>Tossephot<\/em>, quant \u00e0 eux, expliquent que l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de l\u2019annulation tient au fait que, par elle, le \u2018hamets devint <em>hefqer<\/em> (abandonn\u00e9)\u00a0; or nos sages ont comment\u00e9 le verset disant <em>Lo y\u00e9ra\u00e9 <strong>lekha<\/strong> \u2018hamets<\/em> (litt.\u00a0: \u00ab il ne <strong><em>te<\/em><\/strong> sera pas vu de \u2018hamets\u00a0\u00bb) comme suit\u00a0: c\u2019est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment quand le \u2018hamets est \u00e0 toi qu\u2019il est interdit qu\u2019il soit visible chez toi, mais il est permis de voir un \u2018hamets dont on a abandonn\u00e9 la possession. Il est clair, par cons\u00e9quent, que, si l\u2019on a abandonn\u00e9 son \u2018hamets, on ne transgresse plus les interdits de <em>bal y\u00e9ra\u00e9<\/em> et de <em>bal yimats\u00e9<\/em>. Nous voyons donc que, selon la premi\u00e8re explication, l\u2019annulation est dirig\u00e9e contre le \u2018hamets lui-m\u00eame, tandis que, selon la seconde explication, l\u2019annulation est orient\u00e9e vers l\u2019homme, qui renonce \u00e0 toute possession de \u2018hamets.<\/p>\n<p>Dans la version ashk\u00e9naze du texte, on tient compte des deux compr\u00e9hensions\u00a0; c\u2019est pourquoi on mentionne aussi bien la notion d\u2019annulation (<em>livtil<\/em>, \u00ab\u00a0qu\u2019il soit annul\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb) que celle d\u2019abandon (<em>hefqer<\/em>). Dans la version s\u00e9farade, on ne mentionne que la notion d\u2019annulation, qui inclut celle d\u2019abandon, car tout ce qui est annul\u00e9 est automatiquement consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme abandonn\u00e9 (cf. ci-dessus, \u00a7 1).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comme nous l\u2019avons vu, la formule usuelle d\u2019annulation du \u2018hamets est en aram\u00e9en, parce qu\u2019elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9e \u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 la plupart des gens du peuple comprenaient cette langue. Mais on peut la dire en h\u00e9breu ou en quelque autre langue, \u00e0 condition qu\u2019on en comprenne\u00a0le contenu ; et si l\u2019on a r\u00e9cit\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[73],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-04-05"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>02. 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Mais on peut la dire en h\u00e9breu ou en quelque autre langue, \u00e0 condition qu\u2019on en comprenne\u00a0le contenu ; et si l\u2019on a r\u00e9cit\u00e9 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ph.yhb.org.il\/fr\/04-05-02\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pnin\u00e9 Halakha\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-04-04T23:00:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-03-20T08:53:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"orah765768\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-05-02\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/04-05-02\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"orah765768\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ph.yhb.org.il\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0996d17962bfd8ffd1c8ef7117a4204b\"},\"headline\":\"02. 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